BAB I MENGENAL KONSEP SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN DAN PERADABAN

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUPJUqXFvQcKmSZZcRfjSUDMl_T1g6GjFaspAlrWJMEB8jCUu0iFSecWBCvCTM-4rNkIlT8Z8rMSAhXTxFk9UM3IBypwb5b-fo4casdPsEp5oob-k9jtWc7dZOc0jv1jN7t0gHJHr0-yw/s1600/215119_214300831917086_100000115118658_953502_8312451_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUPJUqXFvQcKmSZZcRfjSUDMl_T1g6GjFaspAlrWJMEB8jCUu0iFSecWBCvCTM-4rNkIlT8Z8rMSAhXTxFk9UM3IBypwb5b-fo4casdPsEp5oob-k9jtWc7dZOc0jv1jN7t0gHJHr0-yw/s1600/215119_214300831917086_100000115118658_953502_8312451_n.jpg" width="320" /></a> <br /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB I</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt;"> <span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam sejarah kebudayaan ummat manusia proses tukar-menukar dan interaksi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intermingling</i>) atau pinjam meminjam konsep antara satu kebudayaan dengan kebudayaan lain memang senantiasa terjadi, seperti yang terjadi antara kebudayaan barat dan peradaban islam. Dalam proses ini selalu terdapat sikap resistensi dan akseptansi. Namun dalam kondisi dimana suatu kebudayaan itu lebih kuat dibanding yang lain yang tejadi adalah dominasi yang kuat terhadap yang lemah. Istilah ibn khaldun, "masyarakat yang ditaklukkan, cenderung meniru budaya penakluknya".</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt;"> <span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ketika peradaban Islam menjadi sangat kuat dan dominan pada abad pertengahan, masyarakat eropa cenderung meniru atau "berkiblat ke Islam". Kini ketika giliran kebudayaan barat yang kuat dan dominan maka proses peniruan itu juga terjadi. Terbukti sejak kebangkitan barat dan lemahnya kekuasaan politik islam, para ilmuwan muslim belajar berbagai disiplin ilmu termasuk islam ke barat dalam rangka meminjam. Hanya saja karena peradaban Islam dalam kondisi terhegemoni maka kemampuan menfilter konsep-konsep dalam pemikiran dan kebudayaan barat juga lemah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB I</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MENGENAL KONSEP SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN DAN PERADABAN</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KONSEP SEJARAH </span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara konseptual, sejarah pada dasarnya berkenaan dengan tiga aspek konseptual yang mendasarinya, yaitu konsep tentang perubahan, konsep waktu dan kontinuitas.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep Perubahan</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sejarah dalam hal ini, adalah perubahan dari suatu keadaan kepada keadaan lain. Meski demikian, hanya perubahan yang benar-benar memiliki makna penting bagi kehidupan manusia yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai peristiwa perubahan yang bernilai sejarah. Termasuk dalam kategori ini diantaranya perubahan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rezim</i> kolonial ke nasional, dari masa <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">khulafaurrasyidin</i> ke dinasti umaiyyah atau dari sistem musyawarah ke sistem <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">monarkhi</i>.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep Waktu</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peristiwa sejarah bukan sesuatu yang datang tiba-tiba, bukan pula terjadi begitu saja tanpa sebab apapun. Setiap peristiwa yang terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu pasti ada kaitannya dengan waktu sebelum dan sesudahnya. Bila dirunut melalui penelaahan sejarah, sangat mungkin ditemukan keterkaitannya suatu peristiwa dengan situasi atau peristiwa yang terjadi sebelum dan sesudahnya. Terjadinya suatu peristiwa senantiasa dikarenakan oleh suatu sebab yang ada dalam alur waktu. Konteks hubungan sebab-akibat peristiwa yang menjadi akibat dengan peristiwa lain menjadi sebab adanya dalam dimensi waktu.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kontinuitas</i></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kehidupan manusia berada dalam rangkaian perubahan demi perubahan yang berkesinambungan. Perubahan demi perubahan tersebut tidak akan berhenti pada suatu titik peristiwa. Dalam konteks kekinian (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">postmodern</i>) bahkan diyakini bahwa perubahan telah menjadi sesuatu yang pasti sebagaimana ungkapan ahli masa depan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">futurolog</i>), “Saat ini yang pasti adalah ketidakpastian dan yang tetap adalah perubahan (<i>the certain now is uncertain and the constant now is changing) </i>sebagian perubahan yang terjadi tentunya ada yang bermakna sangat dalam bagi manusia, tetapi sebagian lagi sangat boleh jadi tidak demikian.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span>}</span></span>}</span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KONSEP KEBUDAYAAN DAN PERADABAN</span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oxford Current English</i>, diuraikan bahwa kata kebudayaan semakna dengan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">culture</i> yang memilliki pengertian beragam. Pengertian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Culture</i> dapat difahami bahwa kebudayaan adalah pembangunan yang didasarkan pada kekuatan manusia, baik pembangunan jiwa, pikiran, dan semangat melalui latihan dan pengalaman, bukti nyata pembangunan intelektual seperti seni dan pengetahuan. </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam tulisan Jaih Mubarok, defenisi kebudayaan diantara yang terbaik sebagaimana dibuat oleh E.B Taylor bahwa, budaya adalah keseluruhan yang komplek yang meliputi pengetahuan, kepercayaan seni, moral, hukum, adat serta kemampuan dan kebiasaan lain yang diperoleh manusia sebagai bagian dari masyarakat. Secara singkat, sebagaimana difahami secara umum, kebudayaan adalah “semua hasil karya, rasa, dan cipta masyarakat”.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karya masyarakat menghasilkan teknologi dan kebudayaan kebendaan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">material culture</i>) yang diperlukn oleh manusia untuk menguasai alam sekitarnya agar hasilnya dapat digunakan untuk keperluan masyarakat.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cipta merupakan kemampuan mental, kemampuan berfikir orang-orang yang hidup bermasyarakat, antara lain menghasilkan filsafat serta ilmu pengetahuan.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGAN KEBUDAYAAN DAN PERADABAN</span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian Peradaban Islam, adalah terjemahan dari kata arab “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Hadharah Al-Islamiyyah</i>. Kata arab ini sering diterjemahkan kedalam bahsa Indonesia dengan kebudayaan Islam. Kebudayaan dalam bahasa Arab adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ats-Tsaqafah</i>. Dalam perkembangan ilmu antropologi sekarang kedua istilah di Indonesia, juga di arab dan barat masih banyak yang menyinonimkan dua kata kebudayaan.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebudayaan (Arab, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ats</i>-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tsaqafah</i>: inggris <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kultur</i>)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peradaban (Arab, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">alhadharah</i>: inggris, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cirilization</i>).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span>}</span></span>}</span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kedua istilah diatas dibedakan bahwa kebudayaan adalah bentuk ungkapan tentang semangat mendalam suatu masyarakat.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Menurut Koentjaraningrat, kebudayaan mempunyai 3 wujud yaitu:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wujud Ideal</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu wujud kebudayaan sebagai suatu kompleks ide-ide, gagasa, nilai-nilai, norma-  norma, peraturan-peraturan dan lain-lain</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wujud Kelakuan</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu kebudayaan sebagai suatu kompleks aktivitas kelakuan berpola dari manusia dalam masyarakat</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wujud Benda</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu wujud kebudayaan sebagai benda-benda hasil karya.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hubungan antara kebudayaan dan peradaban dalam study ini, menurut pendapat Oswald Spingler yang dikutip Samuel P. hungtington bahwa:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebudayaan adalah untuk menunjukkan upaya manusia yang masih terus berlanjut, sedangkan peradaban untuk menunjukkan titik akhir dari kegiatan.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peradaban mengandung pengertian yang labih luas sebagaimana puncak, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spirit</i> keseluruhan, dan bersifat universal, sebagai karakter umum dari sebuah zaman dan titik akhir dari berbagai proses kebudayaannya.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span>}</span></span>}</span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PERIODISASI PERKEMBANGAN PERADABAN ISLAM</span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peradaban Islam adalah landasan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">historis</i> yang mengkaji tentang keseluruhan kebudayaan dalam suatu periodisasi sejarah. Periodisasi sejarah sangat berhubungan dengan konteks ruang dan waktu yang sangat berpengaruh pada hasil karya, ide dan gagasan di masa yang lalu. Oleh karena itu dikalangan sejarawan terdapat perbedaan tentang saat dimulainya sejarah islam. Secara umum, perbedaan pendapat tersebut dapat dibedakan menjadi dua. Pertama, sebagian sejarawan berpendapat bahwa sejarah islam dimulai sejak Nabi saw. Diangkat menjadi rasul. </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut pendapat ini, selama 13 tahun Nabi Muhammad saw</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> tinggal di Mekkah telah lahir masyarakat muslim meskipun belum berdaulat. Kedua, sebagian sejarawan berpendapat bahwa sejarah umat islam dimulai sejak nabi Muhammad saw hijrah ke Madinah karena masyarakat muslim baru berdaulat ketika nabi Muhammad saw</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> tinggal di Madinah. Karena Muhammad saw</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang tinggal di Madinah, tidak hanya sebagai rasul, tetapi juga merangkap sebagai pemimpin atau kepala Negara berdasarkan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">konstitusi</i> yang disebut Piagam Madinah. </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disamping banyaknya perbedaan mengenai sejarah umat Islam ini, maka para sejarawan juga berbeda dalam menentukan fase dalam periodisasi Islam ini salah satu contoh.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Prof. Dr. Harun Nasution Periodisasi sejarah Islam terbagi pada 3 periode, diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Periode klasik (650 – 1250 M)</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada periode ini, disebut juga sebagai masa keemasan di dalam sejarah Islam. Sebagai masa keemasan, masa ini sering dijadikan tolak ukur dan rujukan keteladanan. Masa Nabi saw</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang hanya berlangsung kurang lebih 23 tahun.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Periode Pertengahan (1250 – 1800 M)</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada periode pertengahan muncul tiga kerajaan besar Islam yang mewakili tiga kawasan budaya, yaitu kerajaan usmani di Turki, kerajaan Safawi di Persia, dan kerajaan mughal di India. Kerajaan-kerajaan islam yang lain, meski juga ada yang cukup besar, tetapi jauh lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan tiga kerajaan ini, bahkan berada dalam pengaruh salah satu diantaranya. Kerajaan Mughal adalah kerajaan yang berdiri seperempat abad setelah berdirinya Kerajaan Safawi, jadi diantar ketiga kerajaan besar tersebut kerajaan mughal inilah yang termuda, walaupun kerajaan ini bukanlah kerajaan Islam yang pertama di anak benua India, </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada periode pertengahan, pembahasan yang paling banyak mendapat tempat adalah percaturan politik di pusat Islam dan peradaban yang dibina oleh dinasti-dinasti yang kebetulan berhasil memegang hegemoni politik, serta tiga kerajaan besar Islam (Usmani, Safawi, dan Mughal) dan peradaban yang dibinanya. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Periode Modern (1800 – sampai sekarang)</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada masa ini, telah terbentuk sistem masyarakat muslim yang bersifat global. Masing-masing dibangun berdasarkan interaksi antara institusi Negara Islam, keagamaan dan institusi Komunal Timur Tengah dengan institusi sosial dan kultural setempat, dan setiap interaksi melahirkan tipe kemasyarakatn Islam yang berbeda-beda. Meskipun setiap masyarakat bersifat khas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unique</i>), namun diantara mereka terdapat kemiripan bentuk dan antar mereka dipertalikan oleh beberapa hubungan politik dan keagamaan dan oleh persamaan nilai-nilai kultural. Dengan demikian mereka membentuk Islam yang bersifat global (mendunia).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span>}</span></span>}</span></a></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB III</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KESIMPULAN</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berdasarkan pembahasan makalah diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Sejarah peradaban Islam diartikan sebagai perekembangan atau kemajuan kebudayaan islam dalam perspektif sejarahnya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peradaban Islam adalah terjemahan dari kata Arab <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Al-Hadharah Al-Islamiyyah.</span> Kata dalam bahasa Arab ini sering kita terjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia dengan kebudayaan Islam.Di Indonesia seringkali disinonimkan dua kata antara “Kebudayaan dan peradaban.” Namun dalam perkembangan ilmu Antropologi sekarang, kedua istilah tersebut telah dibedakan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kebudayaan adalah bentuk ungkapan tentang semangat mendalam suatu masyarakat. Sedangkan peradaban lebih berkaitan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manifestasi-manifestasi</i> kemajuan mekanis dan teknologis. Kebudayaan lebih direflesasikan dalam seni, sastra, religi, dan moral. Sedangkan peradaban terefleksi dalam politik, ekonomi dan teknologi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Periode sejarah peradaban Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Periode klasik,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Periode petengahan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Periode modern.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "algerian"; font-size: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Effat Ash-Sharqawi, <i>Filsafat Kebudayaan Islam</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">(</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1986</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">).</span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Harun Nasution, <i>Pembaharuan Dalam Islam: Sejarah Pemikiran dan Gerakan</i>, (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1975).</span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Surya Putra Hikmah, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hubungan Kebudayaan dan Peradaban Islam, </i>diakses melalui situs: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://suryaputraalhikmah.blogspot.com/2012/03/konsep-kebudayaan-dan-peradaban.html"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://suryaputraalhikmah.blogspot.com/2012/03/konsep-kebudayaan-dan-peradaban.html</span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ziauddin Sadar, <i>Masa Depan Peradaban Muslim</i>, terj.H.M. Mochtar Zoerni, cet. 1, (Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 1985).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[1]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Effat Ash-Sharqawi, <i>Filsafat Kebudayaan Islam</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1986</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">, h</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">al</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[2]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a>^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>}<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Surya Putra Hikmah, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hubungan Kebudayaan dan Peradaban Islam, </i>diakses melalui situs: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://suryaputraalhikmah.blogspot.com/2012/03/konsep-kebudayaan-dan-peradaban.html"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://suryaputraalhikmah.blogspot.com/2012/03/konsep-kebudayaan-dan-peradaban.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid.</i></span></div> </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[4]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Harun Nasution, <i>Pembaharuan Dalam Islam: Sejarah Pemikiran dan Gerakan</i>, (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1975), hal. 11-13.</span></div> </div> </div> </div>

BAB I MENGENAL KONSEP SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN DAN PERADABAN

BAB I PENDAHULUAN Dalam sejarah kebudayaan ummat manusia proses tukar-menukar dan interaksi (intermingling) atau pinjam meminjam konsep antara satu kebudayaan dengan kebudayaan lain memang senantiasa…

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BAB I MASA PEMBINAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikuKHXEX_IByzESeLqBvWyux1rM14YyziHbqF-Ha2XV6pGCW2IID2KG60eGQz_OkOPN7vuB4TxOJeX8N6K_3foBtQcml6JaAYo8EjqAQSkml_Z9ZltB6mbuiu6d3KtLOvcs6OGWPh1ffE/s1600/DSC05802.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikuKHXEX_IByzESeLqBvWyux1rM14YyziHbqF-Ha2XV6pGCW2IID2KG60eGQz_OkOPN7vuB4TxOJeX8N6K_3foBtQcml6JaAYo8EjqAQSkml_Z9ZltB6mbuiu6d3KtLOvcs6OGWPh1ffE/s1600/DSC05802.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB I</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan masa pembinaan pendidikan islam yang dimaksudkan adalah masa dimana proses penurunan ajaran islam kepada Muhammad dan proses pembudayaannya (masuknya ke dalam kebudayaan manusiawi sehingga diterima dan menjadi unsur yang menyatu kedalam kebudayaan manusia) berlangsung.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Masa tersebut berlangsung sejak Muhammad menerima pengangkatannya sebagai Rosul sampai dengan lengkap dan sempurnanya agama Islam menjadi warisan budaya umat islam sepeninggal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nabi Muhammad SAW. masa tersebut berlangsung selama 22 tahun atau 23 tahun sejak beiau menerima wahyu pertama kali yaitu tanggal 17 Ramadhan 13 tahun sebelum Hijriyah bertepatan dengan 6 Agustus 610 M sampai dengan wafatnya pada tanggal 12 Robiul Awal 11 Hijriyah, bertepatan dengan 8 Juni 832 M.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">MASA PEMBINAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">MASA PEMBINAAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM</span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yang dimaksud masa pembinaan pendidikan islam adalah </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">masa dimana proses penurunan ajaran islam kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW dan proses pembudayaannya (masuknya ke dalam kebudayaan manusiawi sehingga diterima dan menjadi unsur yang menyatu kedalam kebudayaan manusia). Masa tersebut berlangsung sejak Muhammad menerima pengangkatannya sebagai Rosul sampai dengan lengkap dan sempurnanya agama Islam menjadi warisan budaya umat islam sepeninggal nabi Muhammad SAW.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan Islam pada masa Rasulullah dapat dibedakan menjadi 2 periode</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">, diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Periode Makkah </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Periode pendidikan Islam di Mekkah</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Periode Pendidikan Islam di Mekkah, </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Nabi Muhammad SAW menerima wahyu yang pertama di Gua Hira di Makkah pada tahun 610 M.</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> wahyu itu te</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">rdapat</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> ayat al-qur’an yang artinya: “Bacalah (ya Muhammad) dengan nama tuhanmu yang telah menjadikan (semesta alam). Dia menjadikan manusia dari segumpal darah. Bacalah, dan tuhanmu maha pemurah. Yang mengajarkan dengan pena. Mengajarkan kepada manusia apa yang belum diketahuinya<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref1"></a>.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kemudian disusul oleh wahyu yang kedua te</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">rdapat </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">ayat Al-Qur’an yang artinya: Hai orang yang berkemul (berselimut). Bangunlah, lalu berilah peringatan! dan Tuhanmu agungkanlah! dan pakaianmu bersihkanlah. dan perbuatan dosa tinggalkanlah. dan janganlah kamu memberi (dengan maksud) memperoleh (balasan) yang lebih banyak. dan untuk (memenuhi perintah) Tuhanmu, bersabarlah<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref2"></a>.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan turunnya wahyu itu Nabi Muhammad SAW telah diberi tugas oleh Allah, untuk member</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">i</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> peringatan dan pengajaran kepada seluruh umat manusia, sebagai tugas suci, tugas mendidik dan mengajarkan islam. kemudian kedua wahyu itu diikuti oleh wahyu-wahyu yang lain. Semuanya itu disampaikan dan diajarkan oleh Nabi, mula-mula kepada karib kerabatnya dan teman sejawatnya dengan sembunyi-sembunyi.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Setelah banyak orang memeluk islam, lalu Nabi menyediakan rumah Al- Arqam bin Abil Arqam untuk tempat pertemuan sahabat-sahabat dan pengikut-pengikutnya. di tempat itulah pendi</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">d</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">ikan islam pertama dalam sejarah pendidian islam. disanalah Nabi mengajarkan dasar-dasar atau pokok-pokok agama islam kepada sahabat-sahabatnya dan membacakan wahyu-wahyu (ayat-ayat) Al</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Qur’an kepada para pengikutnya serta Nabi menerima tamu dan orang-orang yang hendak memeluk agama islam atau menanyakan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan agama islam. Bahkan disanalah Nabi beribadah (sholat) bersama sahabat-sahabatnya<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref3"></a>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="">^{<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;">^{<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">[1]</span>}</span>}</a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Lalu turunlah wahyu untuk menyuruh kepada Nabi, supaya menyiarkan agama islam kepada seluruh penduduk jazirah Arab dengan terang-terangan. Nabi melaksanakan tugas itu dengan sebaik-baiknya. Banyak tantangan dan penderitaan yang diterima Nabi dan sahabat-sahabatnya. Nabi tetap melakukan penyiaran islam dan mendidik sahabat-sahabatnya dengan pendidikan islam.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam masa pembinaan pendidikan agama islam di Makkah Nabi Muhammad juga mengajarkan alqur’an karena al-qur’an merupakan inti sari dan sumber pokok ajaran islam. Disamping itu Nabi Muhamad SAW</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> mengajarkan tauhid kepada umatnya<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref4"></a>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="">^{<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;">^{<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">[2]</span>}</span>}</a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Intinya pendidikan dan pengajaran yang diberikan Nabi selama di Makkah ialah pendidikan keagamaan dan akhlak serta menganjurkan kep</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">a</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">da manusia, supaya mempergunakan akal pikirannya memperhatikan kejadian manusia, hewan, tumbuh-tumbuhan dan alam semesta seagai anjuran pendidikan ‘akliyah dan ilmiyah.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mahmud Yunus dalam bukunya <i>Sejarah Pendidikan Islam,</i> menyatakan bahwa pembinaan pendidikan islam pada masa Makkah meliputi:</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan Keagamaan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yaitu hendaklah membaca dengan nama Allah semata jangan dipersekutukan dengan nama berhala.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan Akliyah dan Ilmiah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yaitu mempelajari kejadian manusia dari segumpal darah dan kejadian alam semesta.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan Akhlak dan Budi pekerti</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yaitu Nabi Muhammad SAW mengajarkan kepada sahabatnya agar berakhlak baik sesuai dengan ajaran tauhid.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan Jasmani atau Kesehatan.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yaitu mementingkan kebersihan pakaian, badan dan tempat kediaman.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref5"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="">^{<span lang="SV" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;">^{<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[3]</span>}</span></span>}</a><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tahap Pendidikan Islam Pada Fase Makkah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam tahap pendidikan Islam pada Fase Mekkah ada tiga tahap diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tahap Rahasia dan Perorangan</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tahap Terang-Terangan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tahap untuk Umum.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Lembaga Pendidikan dan Sistem Pembelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Lembaga pendidikan Islam pada fase Makkah, ada dua macam/tempat, yaitu: Rumah Arqam Ibnu Arqam dan Kuttab. Kuttab adalah lembaga pendidikan tingkat dasar. Kuttab sebagai lembaga pendidikan terbagi dua, yaitu:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kuttab berfungsi mengajarkan baca tulis dengan teks dasar puisi-puisi Arab, dan sebagian besar gurunya adalah nonmuslim. Kuttab jenis ini merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang dasar yang hanya mengajarkan baca tulis.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai pengajaran Al-Quran dan dasar-dasar agama Islam. Pengajaran teks Al-Quran pada jenis kuttab ini setelah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">qurra </i>dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">huffiazh </i>(ahli bacaan dan penghafal Al-Quran telah banyak). Guru yang mengajarkannya adalah dari ummat Islam sendiri.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Materi dan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum pendidikan Islam pada periode Rasulullah di Makkah adalah Al-Quran, yang Allah wahyukan sesuai dengan kondisi dan situasi, kejadian dan peristiwa yang dialami umat Islam saat itu.karena itu dalam praktiknya tidak saja logis dan rasional tetapi juga secara fitrah dan pragmatis.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada fase Makkah terdapat tiga macam inti sari materi pelajaran yang diberikan di Makkah: yaitu keimanan, ibadah, dan akhlak.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan keimanan yang menjadi pokok pertama adalah iman kepada Allah Yang Maha Esa, beriman bahwa Muhammad adalah Nabi dan Rasul Allah, diwahyukan kepadanya Al-Quran sebagai petunjuk dan pengajaran bagi seluruh umat manusia.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan ibadah yang diperintahkan di Makkah adalah shalat, sebagai pernyataan mengabdi kepada Allah, ungkapan syukur, membersihkan jiwa dan menghubungkan hati kepada Allah.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan akhlak, Nabi mengajarkan penduduk Makkah yang telah masuk Islam agar melaksanakan akhlak yang baik, seperti adil, menepati janji, pemaaf, tawakal, bersyukur atas nikmat Allah, tolong menolong, berbuat baik kepada ibu bapak, memberi makan orang miskin dan orang musafir dan meninggalkan akhlak yang buruk.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode Pendidikan Islam</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode pendidikan yang dilakukan Rasulullah dalam membidik sahabatnya antara lain:</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode ceramah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dialog</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Diskusi atau tanya jawab</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode perumpamaan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode kisah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode pembiasaan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode hafalan.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan Islam di Madinah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berbeda dengan periode di Makkah, pada periode Madinah islam merupakan kekuatan politik. Ajaran islam yang berkenaan dengan kehidupan masyarakat banyak turun di Madinah. Nabi Muhammad juga mempunyai kedudukan, bukan saja sebagai kepala agama, tetapi juga sebagai kepala Negara.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Lembaga Pendidikan Islam</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ketika Rasulullah dan para sahabat hijrah ke Madinah salah satu program pertama yang beliau lakukan adalah pembangunan sebuah masjid. Masjid itulah pusat kegi</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">a</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">tan Nabi Muhammad SAW bersama kaum muslimin, untuk secara bersama membina masyarakat baru, masyarakat yang disinari oleh tauhid, dan mencerminkan persatuan dan kesatuan umat.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Materi Pendidikan Islam di Madinah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Materi pendidikan yang diberikan pada fase Madinah diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan ukhuwah (persaudaraan) antara kaum muslimin. </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan kesejahteraan sosial. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan kesejahteraan keluarga kaum kerabat. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan hankam (pertahanan dan keamanan) dakwah Islam. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Cara Nabi melakukan pembinaan dan pengajaran pendidikan agama Islam di Madinah adalah </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">dengan cara mengkikis habis sisa-sisa permusuhan dan pertentangan antar suku, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan cara berkerja, menjalin kerjasama dan saling tolong menolong, dan menggunakan media komunikasi berdasarkan wahyu.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendidikan sosial politik dan kewarganegaraan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Materi pendidikan sosial dan kewarnegaraan islam pada masa itu adalah pokok-pokok pikiran yang terkandung dalam konstitusi Madinah, yang dalam prakteknya diperinci lebih lanjut dan di sempurnakan dengan ayat-ayat yang turun Selama periode Madinah.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tujuan pembinaan adalah agar secara berangsur-angsur, pokok-pokok pikiran konstitusi Madinah diakui dan berlaku bukan hanya di Madinah saja, tetapi luas, baik dalam kehidupan bangsa Arab maupun dalam kehidupan bangsa-bangsa di seluruh dunia</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref11"></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebijakan Rasulullah Dalam Bidang Pendidikan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk melaksanakan fungsi utamanya sebagai pendidik, Rasulullah telah melakukan serangkaian kebijakan yang amat strategis serta sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Proses pendidikan pada zaman Rasulullah berada di Makkah belum berjalan sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Hal yang demikian belum di mungkinkan, karena pada saat itu Nabi Muhammmad belum berperan sebagai pemimipin atau kepala Negara, bahkan beliau dan para pengikutnya berada dalam baying-bayang ancaman pembunuhan dan kaum kafir quraisy. Selama di Makkah pendidikan berlangsung dari rumah ke rumah secara sembunyi-sembunyi. Diantaranya yang terkenal adalah rumah Al- Arqam. Langkah yang bijaka dilakukan Nabi Muhammad SAW pada tahap awal islam ini adalah melarang para pengikutnya untuk menampakkan keislamannya dalam berbagai hak.tidak menemui mereka kecuali dengan cra sembunyi-sembunyi dalam mendidik mereka.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Setelah masyarakat islam terbentuk di Madinah , barulah pendidikan islam dapat berjalan dengan leluasa dan terbuka secara umum.dan kebijakan yang telah dilakukan Nabi Muhammmad ketika di Madinah adalah:</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Membangun masjid di Madinah. Masjid inilah yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai pusat kegiatan pendidikan dan dakwah.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mempersatukan berbagai potensi yang semula saling berserakan bahkan saling bermusuhan. Langkah ini dituangkan dalam dokumen yang lebih popular disebut pia</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">gam. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan adanya piagam tersebut terwujudlah keadaan masyarakat yang tenang, harmonis dan damai.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref13"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[4]</span>}</span></span>}</a><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk melihat hasil pengajaran yang dilaksanakan Rasulullah sering mengevaluasi hafalan para sabahat dengan cara menyuruh para sahabat membacakan ayat-ayat Al-Quran dihadapannya dengan membetulkan hafalan dan bacaan mereka yang keliru.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Di samping itu menguji pemahaman sahabat tentang ajaran agama, Rasulullah juga dievaluasi oleh Allah melalui malaikat Jibril. Sebagaimana kisah kedatangan Malaikat Jibril kepada Nabi SAW ketika beliau sedang mengajar sahabat di suatu majelis. Malaikat Jibril menguji Nabi dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang menyangkut pengetahuan beliau tentang rukun Islam dan jawaban Nabi selalu dibenarkan oleh Malaikat Jibril.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">PERBEDAAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA MASA RASUL DENGAN PENDIDIKAN SEKARANG</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perbedaan pendidikan Islam pada masa Rasulullah saw dengan pendidikan yang terjadi pada masa sekarang ini adalah pada masa Rasulullah, Rasulullah menyuruh para sahabat untuk menghafal terlebih dahulu, baru kemudian mencatatnya jika telah benar. Tetapi yang terjadi pada masa sekarang, kebanyakan guru menyuruh mencatat terlebih dahulu, kemudian baru menghafalnya.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hal ini terdapat perbedaan yang menonjol sekali dalam masalah pemahaman terhadap materi pelajaran karena pada masa Rasulullah, sahabat disuruh mencatat karena mereka telah menghafal dan memahaminya dengan baik. Tetapi pada masa sekarang, peserta didik tidak mengerti dan paham dengan apa yang ditulisnya apalagi disuruh untuk menghafal</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III </span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan pembahasan makalah diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada Periode Kota Makkah<b>:</b></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Pokok pembinaan pendidikan islam di kota Makkah adalah pendidikan tauhid, titik beratnya adalah menanamkan nilai-nilai tauhid ke dalam jiwa setiap individu muslim, agar jiwa mereka terpancar sinar tauhid dan tercermin dalam perbuatan dan tingkah laku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sedangkan pada </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Periode kota Madinah: </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pokok pembinaan pendidikan islam di kota Madinah dapat dikatakan sebagai pendidikan sosial dan politik. Yang merupakan kelanjutan dari pendidikan tauhid di Makkah, yaitu pembinaan di bidang pendidikan sosial dan politik agar dijiwai oleh ajaran , merupakan cermin dan pantulan sinar tauhid tersebut.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Abuddin Nata,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><i>Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Hadits</i></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">, (</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ciputat: UIN Jakarta Pres</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">, 2007).</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mahmud Yunus, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sejarah Pendidikan Islam</i>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Jakarta: Hidakarya Agung, 1992).</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Zuhairini, dkk, <i>Sejarah Pendidikan Islam</i>, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">(</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2008</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">).</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[1]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mahmud Yunus, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sejarah Pendidikan Islam</i>, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Jakarta: Hidakarya Agung, 1992), hal. 6.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[2]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-themecolor: text1;">Zuhairini, dkk, <i>Sejarah Pendidikan Islam</i>, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">(</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2008</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">), hal. 28.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[3]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ibid.</span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> hal. 27.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[4]</span>}</span></span></span>}</span></a>^{<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span>}<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-themecolor: text1;">Abuddin Nata,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><i>Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Hadits</i></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">, (</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ciputat: UIN Jakarta Pres</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">, 2007), hal. 29.</span></div> </div> </div> </div>

BAB I MASA PEMBINAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

BAB I PENDAHULUAN Dengan masa pembinaan pendidikan islam yang dimaksudkan adalah masa dimana proses penurunan ajaran islam kepada Muhammad dan proses pembudayaannya (masuknya ke dalam kebudayaan manu…

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