BAB I SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><br /> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footer"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Body Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:IN;} </style> <![endif]--> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsQ6IXH1C-sv4AEBEejLj7KaxzZO45MqaGHVJIOTHfIitXYC89ZokL5QLqB8RwYcPIyKxtx2OujTzj-FBbMO-bFiAVTJjrEi3sAKnK01FGP2mFab2Fa3bfz_DSMO8_WhpKTMQsL1e-Zro/s1600/Foto0297.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsQ6IXH1C-sv4AEBEejLj7KaxzZO45MqaGHVJIOTHfIitXYC89ZokL5QLqB8RwYcPIyKxtx2OujTzj-FBbMO-bFiAVTJjrEi3sAKnK01FGP2mFab2Fa3bfz_DSMO8_WhpKTMQsL1e-Zro/s1600/Foto0297.jpg" width="240" /></a></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB I</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"> <span style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Al-Qur’an merupakan sumber penggalian dan pengembangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ajaran Islam. Untuk melakukan penggalian dan pengembangan dipersyaratkan suatu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kualifikasi dan keyakinan kuat untuk menghasilkan pemahaman yang tepat mengenai perilaku kehidupan manusia, termasuk dalam bidang ekonomi. Pengembangan ilmu ekonomi Islam yang bersumber dari al-Qur’an mempunyai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>peluang yang sama dengan pengembangan keilmuan lainnya. Sayang, ilmu ini dirasakan tertinggal, walaupun kebutuhan terhadap suatu sistem ekonomi baru yang lebih menjanjikan kesejahteraan dan kemaslahatan sudah sangat mendesak. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"> <span style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai sebuah metodologi, tafsir ekonomi al-Qur’an memberi peluang bagi pengembangan ilmu ekonomi Islam. Model ini mempunyai tahapan kerja sebagai berikut: pertama, menginventarisasi ayat-ayat yang terkait dengan permasalahan ekonomi yang akan dibahas, baik berdasar pada kata kunci maupun pada kandungan ayat secara umum maupun khusus. Kedua, menafsirkan ayat-ayat tersebut baik berdasar urutan ayat dalam mushaf atau berdasar urutan turunnya surat. Ketiga, model penafsiran yang digunakan adalah<i> maodlui</i> dengan <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">corak <i>adabi al-ijtima’i wal-iqtishadiyyah.</i> Keempat, melakukan konstektualisasi dalam realitas perekonomian</span></span></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBAHASAN </span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM)</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">AYAT-AYAT YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM)</span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pola konsumsi dan perilaku produksi menentukan roda perekonomian. Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber ajaran</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">bagi umat Islam </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">memiliki ajaran tentang konsumsi, produksi dan distribusi disamping aktivitas-aktivitas perekonomian lainnya<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>. Di antara ayat konsumsi misalnya al-Baqarah: 168</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">, </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">Al-Isr</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">a</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">a: 26-28, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">dan </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">An Nahl: 114</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">yang berbunyi:</span></div> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Hai sekalian manusia, makanlah yang halal lagi baik dari apa yang terdapat di bumi, dan janganlah kamu mengikuti langkah-langkah syaitan; Karena Sesungguhnya syaitan itu adalah musuh yang nyata bagimu.”</i> (Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 168).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Dan berikanlah kepada keluarga-keluarga yang dekat akan haknya, kepada orang miskin dan orang yang dalam perjalanan dan janganlah kamu menghambur-hamburkan (hartamu) secara boros. Sesungguhnya pemboros-pemboros itu adalah Saudara-saudara syaitan dan syaitan itu adalah sangat ingkar kepada Tuhannya. Dan jika kamu berpaling dari mereka untuk memperoleh rahmat dari Tuhanmu yang kamu harapkan, Maka Katakanlah kepada mereka Ucapan yang pantas.”</i> (Q.S. Al-Israa: 26-28).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan Surat Al-Israa’ diatas, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>apabila kamu tidak dapat melaksanakan perintah Allah seperti yang tersebut dalam ayat 26, Maka Katakanlah kepada mereka perkataan yang baik agar mereka tidak kecewa lantaran mereka belum mendapat bantuan dari kamu. dalam pada itu kamu berusaha untuk mendapat rezki (rahmat) dari Tuhanmu, sehingga kamu dapat memberikan kepada mereka hak-hak mereka. Sedangkan ayat Al-Qur’an yang lainnya seperti di surat An-Nahl<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ayat 114 yang berbunyi:</span></div> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Maka makanlah yang halal lagi baik dari rezki yang Telah diberikan Allah kepadamu; dan syukurilah nikmat Allah, jika kamu Hanya kepada-Nya saja menyembah.”</i> (Q.S. An-Nahl: 114).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;"> ayat-ayat tersebut terkandung prinsip halal dan baik, tidak diperkenankannya perilaku berlebihan, pelit, boros, harus seimbang, proporsional dan pertanggung jawaban. Dalam </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">surat lain seperti surat </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">Al-Baqarah: 22,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An-Nahl: 5</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">, dan </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">Lukman</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">: </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">20, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">yang berbunyi:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Dialah yang menjadikan bumi sebagai hamparan bagimu dan langit sebagai atap, dan dia menurunkan air (hujan) dari langit, lalu dia menghasilkan dengan hujan itu segala buah-buahan sebagai rezki untukmu; Karena itu janganlah kamu mengadakan sekutu-sekutu bagi Allah, padahal kamu Mengetahui.”</i> (Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 22).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Dan dia Telah menciptakan binatang ternak untuk kamu; padanya ada (bulu) yang menghangatkan dan berbagai-bagai manfaat, dan sebahagiannya kamu makan.”</i> (Q.S. An-Nahl: 5).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Tidakkah kamu perhatikan Sesungguhnya Allah Telah menundukkan untuk (kepentingan)mu apa yang di langit dan apa yang di bumi dan menyempurnakan untukmu nikmat-Nya lahir dan batin. dan di antara manusia ada yang membantah tentang (keesaan) Allah tanpa ilmu pengetahuan atau petunjuk dan tanpa Kitab yang memberi penerangan.</i>” (Q.S. Lukman: 20).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ayat-ayat diatas</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;"> merupakan ayat</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">-ayat</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;"> produksi</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> yang</span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;"> mengandung<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ajaran bahwa kegiatan produksi harus memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, menimbulkan kemaslahatan, tidak menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam melakukan kegiatan produksi, Allah juga melarang dengan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>keras penumpukan harta benda atau barang kebutuhan pokok pada segelintir orang. Pola distribusi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>harus mendahulukan aspek prioritas berdasarkan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">need assessment. </i></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM)</span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu produksi dan konsumsi yang akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Produksi </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam ekonomi Islam, produksi mempunyai motif kemasla</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ha</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">tan, kebutuhan dan kewajiban. Demikian pula, konsumsi. Perilaku produksi merupakan usaha seseorang atau kelompok untuk melepaskan dirinya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dari kefakiran. Menurut Yusuf Qardhawi (1995), secara eksternal perilaku produksi dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan setiap individu sehingga dapat membangun kemandirian ummat.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sedangkan motif perilakunya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adalah keutamaan mencari nafkah, menjaga semua sumber daya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">flora-fauna</i> dan alam sekitar), dilakukan secara profesional (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">amanah & itqan</i>) dan berusaha pada sesuatu yang halal. Karena itu dalam sebuah perusahaan asumsi-asumsi produksi, harus dilakukan untuk barang halal dengan proses produksi dan pasca produksi yang tidak menimbulkan ke-<i>madharatan</i>. Semua orang diberikan kebebasan untuk melakukan usaha produksi.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dari sudut pandang fungsional, produksi atau proses pabrikasi <i>(manufacturing)</i> merupakan suatu aktivitas fungsional yang dilakukan oleh setiap perusahaan untuk menciptakan suatu barang atau jasa sehingga dapat mencapai nilai tambah <i>(value added). </i>Dari fungsinya itu, produksi meliputi aktivitas produksi sebagai berikut;<b> </b>apa yang diproduksi, berapa kuantitas produksi, kapan produksi dilakukan,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengapa suatu produk diproduksi, bagaimana proses produksi dilakukan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan siapa yang memproduksi. Berikut akan dijelaskan sekilas mengenai ketujuh aktivitas produksi.</span></div> <div align="left" class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Apa yang diproduksi</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 16.6pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Terdapat dua pertimbangan yang mendasari pilihan jenis dan macam suatu produk yang akan diproduksi; ada kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi masyarakat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">(primer, sekunder, tert</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">s</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ier) dan ada manfaat positif bagi perusahan dan masyarakat (harus memenuhi kategori etis dan ekonomi)</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berapa kuantitas yang diproduksi; bergantung kepada motif dan resiko</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 16.6pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jumlah pruduksi dipengaruhi dua faktor;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>intern dan ekstern; faktor intern meliputi; sarana dan prasarana yang dimiliki perusahan, faktor modal, faktor sdm, faktor sumber daya lainnya. Adapun faktor ekstern meliputi adanya jumlah kebutuhan masyarakat, kebutuhan ekonomi, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">market share</i> yang dimasuki dan dikuasai, pembatasan hukum dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">regulasi</i>.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kapan produksi dilakukan</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 16.6pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penetapan waktu produksi, apakah akan mengatasi kebutuhan eksternal atau menunggu tingkat kesiapan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perusahaan.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mengapa suatu produk diproduksi</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alasan ekonomi</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alasan sosial dan kemanusiaan</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alasan politik</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 55.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dimana produksi itu dilakukan</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kemudahan memperoleh suplier bahan dan alat-alat produksi</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Murahnya sumber-sumber ekonomi </span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Akses pasar yang efektif dan efisien</span></div> <div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 73.4pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Biaya-biaya lainnya yang efisien</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"> <span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan demikian</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">,</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"> masalah barang apa yang harus diproduksi (<i>what</i>), berapa jumlahnya (<i>how much</i>), bagaimana memproduksi (<i>how</i>), untuk siapa produksi tersebut (<i>for whom</i>), yang merupakan pertanyaan umum dalam teori produksi tentu saja merujuk pada motifasi-motifasi Islam dalam produksi.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan pada ayat diats, Lukman: 20, An-Nahl: 5) tampak jelas Allah menciptakan Sumber Daya Manusia di muka bumi ini hanya untuk manusia untuk kebutuhannya sehari-hari. </span><span lang="DE" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam kedua surat di atas, dapat diambil pelajaran bahwa setelah kita sebagai pelaku ekonomi mengoptimalkan seluruh sumber daya yang ada di sekitar kita (dalam ayat-ayat diatas; binatang ternak, pegunungan; tanah perkebunan, lautan dengan kekayaannya, ingat lagi pandangan al-Qur’an tentang harta benda<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">)</span> sebagai media untuk kehidupan di dunia ini, lalu kita diarahkan untuk melakukan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kebaikan-kebaikan kepada saudara kita, kaum miskin, kaum kerabat dengan cara yang baik tanpa kikir dan boros. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Konsumsi</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Terdapat empat prinsip utama dalam sistem ekonomi Islam yang diisyaratkan dalam Al</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">-</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Qur’an</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> mengenai konsumsi diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">: </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hidup hemat dan tidak bermewah-mewah </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">artinya</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">, tindakan ekonomi diperuntukan hanya sekedar pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">(<i>needs</i>) bukan pemuasan keinginan (<i>wants</i>).</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Implementasi zakat dan mekanismenya pada tataran Negara. Selain zakat terdapat pula instrumen sejenis yang bersifat sukarela (<i>voluntary</i>) yaitu infak, shadaqah, wakaf, dan hadiah.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penghapusan Riba. Menjadikan system bagi hasil dengan instrumen <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mudharabah</i> dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">musyarakah</i> sebagai pengganti sistem kredit <i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>termasuk bunga.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menjalankan usaha-usaha yang halal, jauh dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">maisir</i> dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gharar</i>; meliputi bahan baku, proses produksi, manajemen, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">output</i> produksi hingga proses distribusi dan konsumsi harus dalam kerangka halal.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;"> <span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dari empat prinsip demikian, terlihat model perilaku muslim dalam menyikapi harta. Harta bukanlah tujuan, ia hanya sekedar alat untuk menumpuk pahala demi tercapainya <i>falah</i> (kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat). Dengan </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">nilai amanah itulah manusia dituntut untuk menyikapi harta benda untuk mendapatkannya dengan cara yang benar, proses yang benar dan pengelolaan dan pengembangan yang benar pula. </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Namun perlu diingat bahwa konsep keperluan dasar dalam Islam sifatnya tidak statis, artinya keperluan dasar pelaku ekonomi bersifat dinamis merujuk pada tingkat ekonomi yang ada pada masyarakat. Pada tingkat ekonomi tertentu sebuah barang yang dulu dikonsumsi akibat motifasi keinginan, pada tingkat ekonomi yang lebih baik barang tersebut telah menjadi kebutuhan. Dengan demikian parameter yang membedakan definisi kebutuhan dan keinginan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tidak bersifat statis, ia bergantung pada kondisi perekonomian serta ukuran kemashlahatan. Dengan standar kamashlahatan, konsumsi barang tertentu dapat saja dinilai kurang berkenan ketika sebagian besar ummat atau masyarakat dalam keadaan susah.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan demikian sangat jelas terlihat bahwa perilaku ekonomi Islam tidak didominasi oleh nilai alamiah yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu. Terdapat nilai diluar diri manusia yang kemudian membentuk perilaku ekonomi. Nilai ini diyakini sebagai tuntunan utama dalam hidup dan kehidupan manusia. </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"> <br /></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan pembahasan diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada tingkat ekonomi tertentu sebuah barang yang dulu dikonsumsi akibat motifasi keinginan, pada tingkat ekonomi yang lebih baik barang tersebut telah menjadi kebutuhan. Dengan demikian parameter yang membedakan definisi kebutuhan dan keinginan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tidak bersifat statis, ia bergantung pada kondisi perekonomian serta ukuran kemashlahatan. Dengan standar kamashlahatan, konsumsi barang tertentu dapat saja dinilai kurang berkenan ketika sebagian besar ummat atau masyarakat dalam keadaan susah.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan demikian sangat jelas terlihat bahwa perilaku ekonomi Islam tidak didominasi oleh nilai alamiah yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu. Terdapat nilai diluar diri manusia yang kemudian membentuk perilaku ekonomi. Nilai ini diyakini sebagai tuntunan utama dalam hidup dan kehidupan manusia. </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Adiwarman A. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Karim, <i>Ekonomi Islam: Suatu Kajian Ekonomi Makro</i>, The International Institute of Islamic Thought Indonesia (</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Jakarta: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">IIIT Indonesia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, 2002</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Departemen Agama RI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, </i>(Jakarta: Kathoda, 2005).</span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sadono </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sukirno,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Pengantar Teori Mikro</i></span><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ekonomi,</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Jakarta: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rajawali Press</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> 2002</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">).</span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Umar </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Chapra, <i>Islam dan Pembangunan Ekonomi</i>, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Jakarta: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gema Insani Press</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> 2000</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">).</span></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"> <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Yusuf </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Qardhawi,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Peran Nilai dan Moral Dalam Perekonomian Islam,</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Jakarta: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rabbani Press, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">995</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">).</span></div> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adiwarman A. </span>Karim, <i>Ekonomi Islam: Suatu Kajian Ekonomi Makro</i>, The International Institute of Islamic Thought Indonesia (<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jakarta: </span>IIIT Indonesia<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, 2002</span>), <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 72.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Departemen Agama RI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, </i>(Jakarta: Kathoda, 2005), hal. 32.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 388.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 381.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 4.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 364.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 582.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Yusuf </span>Qardhawi,<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><i>Peran Nilai dan Moral Dalam Perekonomian Islam,</i> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Jakarta: </span>Rabbani Press, <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">1</span>995<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">), hal. 190</span>.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div> </div> <div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 193.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sadono </span>Sukirno,<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Pengantar Teori Mikro</i><i><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span>Ekonomi,</i> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Jakarta: </span>Rajawali Press<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,</span> 2002<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">), hal. 73</span>.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div> </div> <div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Umar </span>Chapra, <i>Islam dan Pembangunan Ekonomi</i>, <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Jakarta: </span>Gema Insani Press<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,</span> 2000<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">), hal. 87.</span></div> </div> <div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">hal. 89-90.</span></div> </div> </div> </div> BAB I SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM) Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Read more » 08 Oct 2014