MUHAMMAD IBNU SOIM: Ekonomi Mikro

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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">BAB I</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam pembahasan tentang apa yang
dimaksud dengan ekonomi Islam, kita harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu mengenai
rancang bangun ekonomi Islam. Dengan mengetahui rancang bangun ekonomi Islam
kita dapat memperoleh gambaran utuh dan menyeluruh secara singkat tentang
ekonomi Islam yang tediri atas atap, tiang, dan landasan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Landasan terdiri atas <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aqidah</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i>), adil, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nubuwwa</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">khilafah</i>, dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ma’ad</i>. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aqidah</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i>) merupakan konsep ketuhanan umat
Islam terhadap Allah swt. dimana dalam pembahasan ekonomi Islam, ia berasal
dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ontology</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i> dan hal ini menjadi prinsip utama dalam <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">syariah</i> karena kunci keimanan seseorang itu dilihat dari tauhid
yang dipegangnya. Karena itu, rukun Islam yang pertama adalah syahadat yang
memperlihatkan betapa pentingnya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i>
dalam setiap insan beriman. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap perilaku ekonomi manusia
harus didasari oleh prinsip-prinsip yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam yang
berasal dari Allah swt. karenanya setiap tindakan yang menyimpang dari syariah
akan dilarang, sebab akan dapat menimbulkan kemudharatan bagi kehidupan umat
manusia baik bagi individu itu sendiri maupun bagi orang lain. Sistem ekonomi
adalah satu kesatuan mekanisme dan lembaga pengambilan keputusan yang
mengimplementasikan keputusan terhadap produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi dalam
suatu daerah atau wilayah.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">BAB II</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">KARAKTERISTIK DAN RANCANGAN BANGUN EKONOMI ISLAM</span></b></div>
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</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KARAKTERISTIK
EKONOMI ISLAM</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepemilikan
dalam Islam</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
pandangan Islam, pemilik mutlak dari seluruh alam semesta adalah Allah, sementara
manusia hanya mengemban amanah-Nya. Allah menciptakan alam semesta buak untuk
diri-Nya (<i>wasilah al-hayah</i>) bagi manusia agar tercapai kemakmuran dan
kesejahteraan. Manusia diberikan hak untuk memiliki dan mengusai alam semesta
sepanjang sesuai dengan cara perolehandan cara penggunaan yang telah ditentukan
oleh Allah.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan
demikian, adanya hak milik membawa konsukuensi adanya kewajiban pemanfaatannya.
Pada akhirnya, hak milik ini harus dipertanggungjawabkan di hadapan pengadilan
Allah di akherat kelak. Dalam ajaran Islam, hak milik dikategorikan menjadi
tiga, yaitu:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hak milik individual (<i>mikiyah
fardhiah/ private ownership</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hak milik umum atau publik (<i>milkiyah
‘ammah/ public ownership</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hak milik negara (<i>milkiyah
daulah/ state ownership</i>).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada dasarnya,
kepemilikan individu atas sumber daya ekonomi merupakan salah satu fitrah
manusia karena ajaran Islam mengakuinya sebagai sesuatu yang harus dihornati
dan dijaga. Kepemilikan individu merupakan persyaratan yang mendasar bagi
tercapainya kesejahteraan masyarakat, sebab ia akan menciptakan motivasi dan
memberikan ruang bagi seorang individu untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya secara
optimal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seorang
individu diberikan kebebasan tinggi untuk memiliki dan memanfaatkan sumber daya
bagi kepentingan sepanjang dengan:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara
perolehan dan penggunaannya tidak bertentangan dengan syariah Islam</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak
menimbulkan kerugian, baik bagi diri sendiri maupun orang lain.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepemilikan
umum muncul karena suatu benda pemanfaatannya diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat
umum sehingga menjadi kepentingan bersama. Ajaran Islam tidak membatasi kepada
jenis benda tertentu untuk menjadi hak milik umum sehingga kemungkinan dapat
berbeda dari satu tempat dengan tempat lain. Namun, hak milik umum terdapat
dalam benda-benda dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">            
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merupakan
fasilitas umum, di mana kalau benda ini tidak ada di dalam suatu negeri atau
komunitas, maka akan menyebabkan sengketa dalam mencarinya, seperti jalan raya,
air minum, dan sebagainnyaa</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber
daya alam yang sifat pembentukannya menghalangi untuk dimiliki hanya oleh orang
secara individual.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">            
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bahan
tambang yang relatif tidak terbatas jumlahnya\</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Harta
benda <i>waqf</i>, yaitu harta seseorang yang dihibahkan untuk kepentingan
umum.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mashlahah</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Sebagai
Insentif Ekonomi</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep dan
pemahaman mengenai kepemilikian harta membawa implikasi kepada motivasi dan
insentif setiap individu, ketika seseorang meyakini bahwa harta yang dalam
kekuasaanya adalah hak milikknya secara mutlak, maka iapun akan merasa memiliki
kebebasan untuk memanfaatkanya sesuai dengan kehendakanya tanpa perlu
memperdulikan nilia-nilai yang idak bersesuaian dengan kepentinganya.
Sebaliknya, seorang budak, pada masa-masa sebelum Islam misalnya, tidak pernah
merasa memiliki harta meskipun segala tindakanya lebih didorong untuk memenuhi
kehendsk pihak lain. Dalam paham kapitalisme, kegiatan ekonomi cenderung
dimotivasi oleh kepentingan individu.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Misalnya,
seorang konsumen cenderung termotivasi untuk memaksimalkan kepuasan individunya
dan seorang produsen cenderung termotivasi untuk mencari keuntungan pribadi
sebanyak-banyaknya. sebaliknya dalam paham sosialisme, kegiatan ekonomi lebih
didoromg oleh insentif keamanan/kenyamanan sosial. Meskipun kedua paham ini
mendasarkan pada insetip yang berbeda, namun baik insentif individu atau
insentip sosial sering kali di ukur dari aspek materil semata.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesejahteraan
individu sering kali dimaknai sebagai tingginya pendapatan dan daya beli
individu, dan kesejahteraan sosial sering kali dimaknai sebagai tingginya pendapatan
dan daya beli masyarakatIslam mengakui adanya insentip material ataupun
nonmaterial dalam kegiatan hal ini dikerenakan ajaran Islam memberikan peluang
setiap individu untuk memenuhi kepentingan individunya, kepentingan sosial
ataupun kepentingan sucinya untuk beribadah kepada Allah.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Musyawarah sebagai Prinsip Pengembalian Keputusan</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
umum, pengambilan keputusan bisa dibedakan antara dua kutub santralisasi dan
dasentralisasi. Sistem sentralisasi menekankan bahwa pengambilan keputusan
dilakukan oleh satu <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">otoritas</i>,
pemerintah pusat misalnya, dan pelaku ekonomi hanya berperan sebagai pelaksana
pengambil keputusan. Dalam konteks perekonomian suatu negara, sitem ini akan
menghasilkan suatu perekonomian terencana (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">planned
economy</i>). Sistem ini dilahirkan oleh paham sosialisme, pada sisi lain
kapitalisme, pengambilan keputusan cenderung diserahkan kepada setiap pelaku
ekonomi sehingga tidak diperlukan tidak diperlukan suatu otoritas tunggal dalam
pengambilan keputusan ekonomi, sitem <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">desentralisasi</i>
ini akan menghasilkan suatu pasar persaingan bebas seperti yang diharapkan oleh
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kapitalisme</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekonomi
Islam memandang bahwa individu, masyarakat, serata pemerintah memiliki peran
sendirisendiri sehingga sistem pengambilan sentralistik atau desentralistik
semata tidaklah akan mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan individu dan social. Pada
level dan aspek tertentu diperlukan pengambilan keputusan yang desentralistik
karena dalm ini prinsip saling ridho sangatlah dominan, misalnya dalm hal
penetapan harga input atau pun output. Dalam aspek lainnya, misalnya ketika
prinsip kebenaran dan keadilan sangat dominan, maka prinsip sentralistik
berbasis Al-Qur’an perlu diterapkan, misalnya dalm hal distribusi barang publik
dan kesejahteraan dan penegakan kebenaran.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PELAKU EKONOMI DALAM ISLAM</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adanya hak
milik individu dan kebebasan individu untuk bertransaksi merupakan faktor dasar
bagi eksistensi pasar. Pasar merupakan suatu keadaan terjadinya kesepakatan
antara penjual (produsen) dan pembeli (konsumen) untuk melakukan pertukaran
atau perdagangan. Pertukaran dapat berupa jual-beli, sewa, atau utang-piutang.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pelaku
pasar pada dasarnya terdiri atas rumah tangga-rumah tangga dan
perusahaan-perusahaan, sementara pasar dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi pasar
input dan pasar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">output</i>. Rumah tangga
dapat terdiri atas perseorangan atau kelompok (misalnya keluarga), sedangkan
perusahaan dapat berupa perseorangan atau lembaga usaha. Di pasar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">input</i>, rumah tangga bertindak sebagai
penyedia faktor produksi yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan, sedangkan di pasar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">output</i> rumah tangga adalah konsumen bagi
barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di pasar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">input</i>, rumah tangga menyediakan berbagai
faktor produksi seperti tanah, tenaga kerja, modal, dan kewirausahaan.
Faktor-faktor produksi ini akan digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk menghasilkan
barang dan jasa. Rumah tangga akan memperoleh imbalan berupa pendapatan sewa,
upah, bagi hasil, dan laba yang kemudian akan dipergunakannya untuk membeli
barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan perusahaan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ajaran
Islam menghargai pasar sebagai wahana bertransaksi atau perniagaan yang <i>halal</i> (sah/<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">legal</i>) dan <i>thayyib</i> (baik)
sehingga secara umum merupakan mekanisme alokasi dan distribusi sumber daya
ekonomi yang paling ideal. Penghargaan Islam tehadap mekanisme pasar berangkat
dari ketentuan Allah bahwa perniagaan harus dilakukan dengan cara yang baik
berdasarkan prinsip saling <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ridha</i> (<i>‘an
taradin minkum</i>) sehingga tercipta keadilan<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Pasar merupakan mekanisme perniagaan yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di pasar,
seseorang bebas melakukan transaksi sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keinginannya.
Mekanisme pasar merupakan suatu kekuatan yang bersifat missal (<i>impersonal</i>)
dan alamiah (<i>natural</i>) sehingga mencerminkan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat
lebih luas. Dalam situasi yang bersaing sempurna (<i>perfect competition market</i>),
tak ada seorang pelaku pun secara individual dapat mengendalikan mekanisme
pasar. Allahlah yang mengatur naik turunnya harga<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PRINSIP-PRINSIP UMUM EKONOMI ISLAM</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nilai-nilai Universal: Teori Ekonomi</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tauhid</span></i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (keesaan Tuhan)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tauhid</span></i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah pondasi
ajaran Islam, dengan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i> manusia
menyaksikan bahwa ”tiada sesuatu pun yang layak disembah kecuali Allah” dan
”tidak ada pemilik langit, bumi, dan isinya, selain allah”. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karena Allah adalah
pencipta alam semesta dan isinya. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tauhid</i>
merupakan inti pokok ajaran Islam yang berupa pengakuan bahwa tiada Tuhan
selain Allah, satu-satunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dzat</i> y</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">an</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g berhak
disembah. Tauhid al <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uluhiyah</i> berarti
mengesakan Allah, tidak menyekutukan sesuatu apapun denganNya. Allah tidak
beranak dan tidak pula diperanakkan, Ia tak punya sekutu atau rekanan, jadi
Allah adalah Tuhan yang Mutlak, Dia meliputi dan mengatasi segala sesuatu, Dia
Tuhan dan selain Nya menyembah kepada Nya. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tauhid al</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rububiyah</i>
berkenaan dengan Allah sebagai Tuhan, pencipta dan pengatur alam semesta.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adl</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Keadilan)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adl</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
bermakna tidak berbuat zalim kepada sesama manusia, bukan berarti sama rata
sama rasa, jadi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">adil</i> adalah
menempatkan sesuatu pada tempatnya. Adil menurut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kapitalisme</i> adalah Anda dapat apa yang anda upayakan Adil menurut
Sosialisme adalah Sama rata sama rasa, Adil menurut Islam adalah Tidak <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">menzalimi</i> dan tidak dizalimi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">la tazlimun wala tuzlamun</i>).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanpa
keadilan manusia akan terkelompok – kelompok dalam berbagai golongan. Golongan
yang satu akan menzalimi golongan yang lain, sehingga akan mengalami <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eksploitasi</i> manusia atas
manusia. Masing masing berusaha mendapatkan hasil yang lebih besar dari
pada usaha yang di keluarkanya karena kerakusanya.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nubuwwah</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Kenabian)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karena <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rahman</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rahim</i> dan kebijaksanaan Allah, manusia tidak di biarkan begitu saja
di dunia tanpa melihat bimbingan. Karena itu di utuslah para Nabi dan Rasul untuk
menyampaikan petunjuk dari Allah kepada manusia tentang bagaimana hidup baik
dan benar didunia dan mengajarakn jalan untuk kembali (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">taubah</i>) ke asal muasal segala, allah. Fungsi rasul adalah untuk
menjadi model terbaik yang harus di teladani manusai agar mendapatkan
keselamatan didunia dan akhirat.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sikap
utama sang model yang harus diteladani oleh manusia pada umumnya dan pelaku
ekonomi dan bisnis pada khususnya, adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Siddiq</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (jujur, benar)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amanah</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (tanggung jawab, kepercayaan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fathananah</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (kecerdikan, kebijaksanaan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intelektualita</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tabligh</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (komunikasi, Keterbukaan, Pemasaran).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khilafah</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (pemerintahan)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam Al
Qur’an, Allah berfirman bahwa manusia diciptakan untuk menjadi khalifah dimuka
bumi,yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Artinya:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Ingatlah
ketika Tuhanmu berfirman kepada para malaikat: "Sesungguhnya Aku hendak
menjadikan seorang khalifah di muka bumi." mereka berkata: "Mengapa
Engkau hendak menjadikan (khalifah) di bumi itu orang yang akan membuat
kerusakan padanya dan menumpahkan darah, padahal kami senantiasa bertasbih
dengan memuji Engkau dan mensucikan Engkau?" Tuhan berfirman:
"Sesungguhnya Aku mengetahui apa yang tidak kamu ketahui</i>." (Q.S.
Al-Baqarah: 30).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Khilafah</i> sebagai perwujudan bahwa tidak
diragukan manusia diciptakan oleh Allah SWT untuk menjadi pemimpin dari
makhluk-makhluk lain, oleh sebab itu manusia wajib menjaga keharmonisan
hubungan sesama makhluk, untuk mewujudkan misi tersebut manusia membutuhkan sebuah
media yang berupa pemerintahan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">khilafah</i>).
Pemerintah memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam ekonomi yaitu memastikan
bahwa kegiatan ekonomi berjalan secara benar tanpa kezaliman.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ma’ad</span></i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Hasil)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walaupun
sering kali diterjemahkan sebagai kebangkitan tetapi secara harfiah ma’ad
berarti kembali. Karena kita semua akan kembali kepada Allah.  hidup
manusia bukan saja di dunia tetapi harus berlanjut hingga alam setelah dunia.
Seorang muslim  tentang dunia dan akhirat dapat di rumuskan sebagai
“Dunia adalah lading akhirat” Artinya dunia wahana bekerja untuk bekerja dan
beraktivitas (beramal saleh).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">derivatif</i> ekonomi Islam
(ciri-ciri ekonomi Islam):</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepemilikan
multijenis</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebebasan bertindak/berusaha</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keadilan sosial.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan
menurut Eko Suprayitno, menjelaskan ciri-ciri ekonomi Islam sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemilikan
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dijadikan modal untuk suatu perusahaan swasta, atau ikut ambil
bagian dari modal yang ditawarkan untuk investasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pelaksanaan perintah untuk berlomba-lomba berbuat baik</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thaharah</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, atau
sesuci, kebersihan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Produk barang dan jasa harus halal</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keseimbangan </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Upah tenaga kerja, keuntungan dan bunga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Upah harus dibayarkan dan jangan menunggu keringat mereka
jadi kering, mereka jadi menunggu gaji, menunggu itu semua sama dengan
menderita</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bekerja baik adalah ibadah, antara lain shalat, ibadah dalam
arti sempit bekerja baik juga ibadah, tetapi dalam arti luas, bekerja untuk
diri sendiri dan keluarga, syukur dapat memberi kesempatan kerja bagi orang
lain</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kejujuran dan tepat janji</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelancaran pembangunan.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB III</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KESIMPULAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan Ekonomi Islam adalah untuk
mencapai kebahagiaan didunia dan akhirat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">falah</i>)
melalui suatu tata kehidupan yang baik dan terhormat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hayyah</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">thayyibah</i>). Dalam
konteks ekonomi Islam tujuan falah dijabarkan menjadi beberapa tujuan antara
lain, yaitu: (1) Mewujudkan kemashlahatan umat, (2) Mewujudkan keadilan dan
pemerataan pendapatan (3) Membangun peradaban yang luhur (4) Menciptakan
kehidupan yang seimbang dan harmonis</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pilar ekonomi islam adalah moral. Hanya
dengan pilar islam inilah bangunan ekonomi islam dapat tegak dan hanya dengan
ekonomi islamlah falah dapat dicapai. Moralitas islam berdiri diatas suatu
postulat ibadah. Esensi dari moral islam adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i>. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Implikasi</i> dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tauhid</i>, yaitu bahwa ekonomi Islam memiliki
sifat Trasendal (bukan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sekuler</i>),
Dimana peran allah dalam aspek ekonomi menjadi mutlak.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moral Islam
sebagai pilar ekonomi islam dapat dijabarkan lebih lanjut Menjadi titik mula
pembuat kesimpulan logis mengenai kaidah-kaidah sosial dan perilaku ekonomi
secara islami absah. Nilai-nilai tersebut adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adl, Khilafah</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moralitas dapat membawa kepada
perwujudan falah hanya jika terdapat basisi kebijakan yang mendukung, yaitu:
(1) penghapusan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">riba</i> (2) Pelembagaan
Zakat (3) Penghapusan yang haram dan pelangaran gharar. Sistem ekonomi islam
adalah perekonomian yang terbagi menjadi tiga sektor,yaitu  sektor
pasar, masyarakat dan negara. Tiap sektor memiliki hak dan kewajiban tertentu
dalam mengerakan kegiatan ekonomi, untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan umat, karena
masing-masing mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adirwarman
A. Karim, <i>Ekonomi Mikro Islam</i>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>(Jakarta: IIT-Indonesia, 2003).</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Departemen Agama RI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, </i>(Jakarta:
Kathoda, 2005).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Eko Suprayitno, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ekonomi Islam: Pendekatan Ekonomi Makro Islam dan Konvensional, </i>(Yogyakarta:
Graha Ilmu, 2005).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ibrahim Warde, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Islamic Finance: Keuangan Islam dalam Perekonomian Global, </i>(Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Pelajar, 2000).</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Muhammad Abdul Mannan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Teori dan Praktek Ekonomi Islam, </i>(Yogyakarta:
Dana Bhakti Prima yasa, 1997).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Ibrahim Warde, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Islamic Finance: Keuangan Islam dalam
Perekonomian Global, </i>(Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2000), hal. 79.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 80.</span></div>
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<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 83.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Muhammad Abdul Mannan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Teori dan Praktek Ekonomi Islam, </i>(Yogyakarta:
Dana Bhakti Prima yasa, 1997), hal. 19.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 22.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 23.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 25.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 26.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 30.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-Qur;an Surat
An-Nisa’ ayat <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>29; dan Al-Qur’an surat
Al-Baqarah ayat 275.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Muhammad Abdul Mannan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Op.cit, </i>hal. 40.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adirwarman
A. Karim, <i>Ekonomi Mikro Islam</i>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>(Jakarta: IIT-Indonesia, 2003), hal. 17.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 54.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 59.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 60-62.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Departemen Agama RI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, </i>(Jakarta:
Kathoda, 2005), hal. 6.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Adiwarman A. Karim, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Op.cit, </i>hal. 63.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 65.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid, </i>hal. 66-67.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Eko Suprayitno, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ekonomi Islam: Pendekatan Ekonomi Makro
Islam dan Konvensional, </i>(Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2005), hal. 4-6.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

BAB I KARAKTERISTIK DAN RANCANGAN BANGUN EKONOMI ISLAM

BAB I PENDAHULUAN Dalam pembahasan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan ekonomi Islam, kita harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu men...