MUHAMMAD IBNU SOIM: Kurikulum Pembelajaran

BAB I PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI SUATU SISTEM

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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB I</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembelajaran
pada hakekatnya adalah proses interaksi antara peserta didik dengan lingkungan,
sehingga terjadi perubahan perilaku kearah yang lebih baik. Dan tugas guru
adalah mengkoordinasikan lingkungan agar menunjang terjadinya perubahan
perilaku bagi peserta didik. Pembelajaran juga dapat diartikan sebagai usaha
sadar pendidik untuk membantu peserta didik agar mereka dapat belajar sesuai
dengan kebutuhan dan minatnya. </span></div>
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pendidik berperan sebagai fasilitator yang menyediakan fasilitas dan menciptakan
situasi yang mendukung peningkatan kemampuan belajar peserta didik. Dalam
pembelajaran juga terdapat komponen – komponen pembelajaran yang saling
berhubngan satu sama lainnya. Oleh karena itu perencanaan pembelajaran dalam
proses pembelajaran sangat penting untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar secara
optimal.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI SUATU SISTEM</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">HAKEKAT  PEMBELAJARAN</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Secara umum istilah belajar dimaknai sebagai suatu
kegiatan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan tingkah laku. Dengan pengertian
demikian, maka pembelajaran dapat dimaknai sebagai suatu kegiatan yang
dilakukan oleh guru sedemikian rupa, sehingga tingkah laku peserta didik
berubah ke arah yang lebih baik. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan proses
pembelajaran adalah sarana dan cara bagaimana suatu generasi belajar, atau
dengan kata lain bagaimana sarana belajar itu secara efektif digunakan. Hal ini
tentu berbeda dengan proses belajar yang diartikan sebagai cara bagaimana para
pembelajar itu memiliki dan mengakses isi pelajaran itu sendiri.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berangkat dari pengertian tersebut, maka dapat
dipahami bahwa pembelajaran membutuhkan hubungan dialogis yang sungguh-sungguh
antara guru dan peserta didik, dimana penekanannya adalah pada proses
pembelajaran oleh peserta didik(<i>student of learning</i>), dan bukan
pengajaran oleh guru(<i>teacher of teaching</i>). </span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">FUNGSI PEMBELAJARAN</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ada beberapa Fungsi-fungsi pembelajaran yang sering
kita kenal yaitu sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembelajaran sebagai
sistem</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembelajaran sebagai sistem terdiri dari sejumlah komponen
yang terorganisir antara lain tujuan pembelajaran , materi pembelajaran,
strategi dan metode pembelajaran, media pembelajaran/alat peraga,
pengorganisasian kelas, evaluasi pembelajaran, dan tindak lanjut pembelajaran
(remedial dan pengayaan).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembelajaran<b><i> </i></b>sebagai
proses</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembelajaran sebagai proses merupakan rangkaian
upaya atau kegiatan guru dalam rangka membuat siswa belajar, meliputi:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">             
</span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Persiapan</span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">, merencanakan program pengajaran  tahunan,
semester, dan penyusunan persiapan mengajar (<i>lesson plan</i>) dan 
penyiapan perangkat kelengkapannya antara lain alat peraga, dan alat evaluasi,
buku  atau media cetak lainnya</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">             
</span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Melaksanakan
kegiatan pembelajaran</span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> 
dengan mengacu pada persiapan pembelajaran  yang telah dibuatnya. Banyak
dipengaruhi oleh pendekatan atau strategi dan metode-metode pembelajaran yang
telah dipilih dan dirancang penerapannya, serta filosofi kerja dan komitmen
guru, persepsi, dan sikapnya terhadap siswa</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">             
</span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menindaklanjuti
pembelajaran </span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> yang telah
dikelolanya. Kegiatan pasca pembelajaran ini dapat berbentuk <i>enrichment </i>(pengayaan),
dapat pula berupa pemberian layanan <i>remedial teaching</i> bagi siswa yang
berkesulitan belajar.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI SUATU
SISTEM</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendekatan sistem yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran
bukan saja sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, tetapi
juga sesuai dengan perkembangan dalam psikologi belajar sistematik, yang
dilandasi dengan prinsip-prinsip psikologi behavioristik dan humanistik. Aspek-aspek
pendekatan sistem pembelajaran, meliputi aspek filosofis dan aspek proses.
Aspek filosofis ialah pandangan hidup<b> </b>yang melandasi sikap si perancang,
sistem yang terarah pada kenyataan. Sedangkan aspek proses ialah suatu proses
dan suatu perangkat alat konseptual. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ciri-ciri pendekatan sistem pembelajaran, yaitu ada
dua ciri utama, yakni:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendekatan
sistem sebagai suatu pandangan tertentu mengenai proses pembelajaran dimana
berlangsung kegiatan belajar mengajar, terjadinya interaksi antara siswa dan
guru, dan memberikan kemudahan bagi siswa untuk belajar secara efektif</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penggunaan
metodologi untuk merancang sistem pembelajaran yang meliputi prosedur
perencanaan, perancangan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian keseluruhan proses
pembelajaran yang tertuju pada konsep pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Pola
pendekatan sistem pembelajaran, menurut Oemar Hamalik (2002: 9), melalui langkah-langkah
sebagai berikut: </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Identifikasi kebutuhan pendidikan (merumuskan
masalah)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Analisis kebutuhan untuk mentransfomasikan menjadi
tujuan<b> </b>pembelajaran (analisis masalah)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Merancang metode dan materi pembelajaran
(pengembangan suatu pemecahan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pelaksanaan pembelajaran (eksperimental)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menilai dan merevisi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 10.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 10.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk mencapai
pembelajaran efektif dan efisien dibutuhkan pengelolaan komponen pembelajaran
secara baik. Dalam pendekatan sistem bahwasanya untuk mencapai tujuan
pembelajaran secara maksimal harus didukung dengan komponen pembelajaran yang
baik, yang meliputi tujuan, siswa, guru, metode, media, sarana, lingkungan
pembelajaran dan evaluasi. Masing-masing komponen memberikan pengaruh terhadap
keberhasilan pembelajaran. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -20.25pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">HUBUNGAN ANTAR KOMPONEN PEMBELAJARAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -26.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengertian
Komponen Pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pandangan mengenai konsep pembelajaran terus menerus
mengalami perubahan dan perkembangan sesuai dengan perkembangan IPTEK.
Pembelajaran sama artinya dengan kegiatan mengajar. Kegiatan mengajar dilakukan
oleh guru untuk menyampaikan pengetahuan kepada siswa. Pembelajaran merupakan
suatu sistem, yang terdiri dari berbagai komponen yang saling berhubungan satu
dengan yang lain. Komponen tersebut meliputi: kurikulum, guru, siswa, materi,
metode, media dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran adalah operasionalisasi
dari perencanaan pembelajaran, sehingga tidak lepas dari perencanaan pengajaran
atau pembelajaran yang sudah dibuat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Di dalam pembelajaran,<b> </b>terdapat
komponen-komponen yang berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Secara terminologis, istilah kurikulum mengandung
arti sejumlah pengetahuan atau mata pelajaran yang harus ditempuh atau
diselesaikan siswa guna mencapai suatu tingkatan atau ijazah. Pengertian
kurikulum secara luas tidak hanya berupa mata pelajaran atau bidang studi dan
kegiatan-kegiatan belajar siswa saja, tetapi juga segala sesuatu yang
berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan pribadi siswa sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan
yang diharapkan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Guru</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Guru umumnya merujuk pendidik profesional dengan
tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan
mengevaluasi peserta didik. Di dalam masyarakat, dari yang paling terbelakang
sampai yang paling maju, guru memegang peranan penting. Guru merupakan satu
diantara pembentuk-pembentuk utama calon warga masyarakat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Siswa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Siswa atau Murid biasanya digunakan untuk seseorang
yang mengikuti suatu program pendidikan di sekolah atau lembaga pendidikan
lainnya, di bawah bimbingan seorang atau beberapa guru. Dalam konteks keagamaan
murid digunakan sebagai sebutan bagi seseorang yang mengikuti bimbingan seorang
tokoh bijaksana. Meskipun demikian, siswa jangan selalu dianggap sebagai objek
belajar yang tidak tahu apa-apa. Ia memiliki latar belakang, minat, dan
kebutuhan serta kemampuan yang berbeda. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode pembelajaran adalah cara yang dapat dilakukan
untuk membantu proses belajar-mengajar agar berjalan dengan baik, metode-metode
tersebut antara lain:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode Ceramah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode
ceramah yaitu sebuah metode mengajar dengan menyampaikan informasi dan
pengetahuan secara lisan kepada sejumlah siswa yang pada umumnya mengikuti
secara pasif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode Tanya Jawab</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode
Tanya jawab adalah suatu metode dimana guru menggunakan atau memberi pertanyaan
kepada murid dan murid menjawab, atau sebaliknya murid bertanya pada guru dan
guru menjawab pertanyaan murid itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode Diskusi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode
diskusi dapat diartikan sebagai siasat “penyampaian” bahan ajar yang melibatkan
peserta didik untuk membicarakan dan menemukan alternatif pemecahan suatu topik
bahasan yang bersifat problematis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode Demonstrasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode
demonstrasi adalah metode mengajar dengan cara memperagakan barang, kejadian,
aturan, dan urutan melakukan suatu kegiatan, baik secara langsung maupun
melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran yang relevan dengan pokok bahasan atau
materi yang sedang disajikan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode Eksperimen</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Metode
eksperimen adalah metode atau cara di mana guru dan murid bersama-sama
mengerjakan sesuatu latihan atau percobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh atau
akibat dari sesuatu aksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Materi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam
kegiatan belajar, materi harus didesain sedemikian rupa, sehingga cocok untuk
mencapai tujuan dengan memperhatikan komponen-komponen yang lain, terutama
komponen anak didik yang merupakan sentral. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alat Pembelajaran (Media)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata
media berasal dari bahasa latin dan merupakan bentuk jamak dari “medium” yang
secara harfiah berarti perantara atau pengantar. Jadi media adalah perantara
atau pengantar pesan dari pengirim kepada penerima pesan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Evaluasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Istilah
evaluasi berasal dari bahasa Inggris yaitu “Evaluation”. Menurut Wand dan
Brown, evaluasi adalah suatu tindakan atau suatu proses untuk menentukan nilai
dari suatu hal. Ada pendapat lain yang mengatakan bahwa evaluasi adalah
kegiatan mengumpulkan data seluas-luasnya, sedalam-dalamnya yang bersangkutan
dengan kapabilitas siswa, guna mengetahui sebab akibat dan hasil belajar siswa
yang dapat mendorong dan mengembangkan kemampuan belajar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -26.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hubungan
Masing-Masing Komponen Pembelajaran </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dari semua komponen pembelajaran, antara komponen
yang satu dengan yang lain memiliki hubungan saling keterkaitan. Guru sebagai
ujung tombak pelaksanaan pendidikan di lapangan, sangat menentukan keberhasilan
dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pelaksana
kurikulum, guru juga sebagai pengembang kurikulum. Bagi guru, memahami
kurikulum merupakan suatu hal yang mutlak. Setelah guru mempelajari kurikulum
yang berlaku, selanjutnya membuat suatu desain pembelajaran dengan mempertimbangkan
kemampuan awal siswa (entering behavior), tujuan yang hendak dicapai, teori
belajar dan pembelajaran, karakteristik bahan yang akan diajarkan, metode dan
media atau sumber belajar yang akan digunakan, dan unsur-unsur lainnya sebagai
penunjang. Setelah desain dibuat, kemudian KBM atau pembelajaran dilakukan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam hal ini ada dua kegiatan utama, yaitu guru
bertindak mengajar dan siswa bertindak belajar. Kedua kegiatan tersebut
berinteraksi untuk mencapai suatu tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Pada akhirnya implementasi
pembelajaran itu akan menghasilkan suatu hasil belajar. Hasil ini akan
memberikan dampak bagi guru dan siswa. Bagi setiap guru, dituntut untuk
memehami masing-masing metode secara baik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN </span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi
kegiatan proses sistem pembelajaran di antaranya faktor guru, faktor siswa,
sarana, alat dan media yang tersedia, serta faktor lingkungan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -26.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Faktor
Guru </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Guru adalah komponen yang sangat menentukan dalam
implementasi suatu strategi pembelajaran. Tanpa guru, bagaimanapun bagus dan
idealnya suatu strategi, maka strategi itu tidak mungkin dapat diaplikasikan.
Keberhasilan penerapan strategi berperang untuk menghancurkan musuh akan sangat
bergantung kepada kualitas prajurit itu sendiri. Demikian juga dengan guru. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -26.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Faktor
Siswa </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Siswa adalah organisme yang unik yang berkembang
sesuai dengan tahap perkembangannya. Perkembangan anak adalah perkembangan
seluruh aspek kepribadiannya, akan tetapi tempo dan irama perkembangan
masing-masing anak pada setiap aspek tidak selalu sama. Proses pembelajaran
dapat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan anak yang tidak sama itu, di samping
karakteristik lain yang melekat pada diri anak. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -26.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Faktor
Sarana dan Prasarana </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sarana adalah segala sesuatu yang mendukung secara
langsung terhadap kelancaran proses pembelajaran, misalnya media pembelajaran,
alat-alat pelajaran, perlengkapan sekolah, dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan prasarana
adalah segala sesuatu yang secara tidak langsung dapat mendukung keberhasilan
proses pembelajaran, misalnya, jalan menuju sekolah, penerangan sekolah, kamar
kecil, dan lain sebagainya. Kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana Akan membantu guru
dalam penyelenggaraan proses pembelajaran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -26.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">           
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Faktor
Lingkungan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dilihat dari dimensi lingkungan ada dua faktor yang
dapat memengaruhi proses pembelajaran, yaitu faktor organisasi kelas dan
faktor iklim sosial-psikologis. Faktor organisasi kelas yang di dalamnya
meliputi jumlah siswa dalam satu kelas merupakan aspek penting yang dapat
memengaruhi proses pembelajaran. Organisasi kelas yang terlalu besar akan
kurang efektif untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran.<b> </b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>

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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Secara
umum istilah belajar dimaknai sebagai suatu kegiatan yang mengakibatkan
terjadinya perubahan tingkah laku, sedangkan pembelajaran adalah proses
interaksi antara peserta didik dengan lingkungan, sehingga terjadi perubahan
perilaku kearah yang lebih baik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Di
dalam pembelajaran juga terdapat berbagai komponen yang berkaitan dengan proses
pembelajaran, yaitu: kurikulum, guru, siswa, metode, media dan evaluasi.
Komponen – komponen tersebut saling berkaitan antara satu sama lain, apabila
salah satu komponen tersebut tidak ada maka pembelajaran tidak akan optimal.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>

BAB I PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI SUATU SISTEM

BAB I PENDAHULUAN Pembelajaran pada hakekatnya adalah proses interaksi antara peserta didik dengan lingkungan, sehingga terj...

BAB I BERBAGAI PANDANGAN TENTANG KURIKULUM DAN SEJARAH PERKEMBANGANNYA

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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB I</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembahasan mengenai
kurikulum tidak mungkin dilepaskan dari pengertian kurikulum, posisi kurikulum
dalam pendidikan, dan proses pengembangan suatu kurikulum. Pembahasan mengenai
ketiga hal ini dalam urutan seperti itu sangat penting karena pengertian
seseorang terhadap arti kurikulum menentukan posisi kurikulum dalam dunia
pendidikan dan pada gilirannya posisi tersebut menentukan proses pengembangan
kurikulum.Ketiga pokok bahasan itu dikemukakan dalam makalah ini dalam urutan
seperti itu.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pembahasan mengenai
pengertian ini penting karena ada dua alasan utama. Pertama, seringkali
kurikulum diartikan dalam pengertian yang sempit dan teknis. Dalam kotak
pengertian ini maka definisi yang dikemukakan mengenai pengertian kurikulum
kebanyakan adalah mengenai komponen yang harus ada dalam suatu kurikulum. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk itu berbagai definisi diajukan para akhli sesuai
dengan pandangan teoritik atau praktis yang dianutnya. Ini menyebabkan studi
tentang kurikulum dipenuhi dengan hutan definisi tentang arti kurikulum.</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alasan kedua adalah karena definisi yang digunakan akan
sangat berpengaruh terhadap apa yang akan dilakukan oleh para pengembang
kurikulum. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BERBAGAI
PANDANGAN TENTANG KURIKULUM DAN SEJARAH PERKEMBANGANNYA</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">ISTILAH
KURIKULUM <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Istilah
kurikulum berasal dari bahasa latin, yakni <i>curriculae</i>, yaitu <i>curir</i>
(pelari) dan <i>curere</i> (tempat berpacu,) artinya jarak yang harus ditempuh
oleh seorang pelari.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Pada
waktu itu, pengertian kurikulum ialah jangka waktu pendidikan yang harus
ditempuh oleh siswa yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh ijazah. Dalam hal ini,
ijazah merupakan satu bukti bahwa siswa telah menempuh kurikulum yang berupa
rencana pelajaran, sebagaimana halnya seorang pelari telah menempuh suatu jarak
antara satu tempat ke tempat lainnya dan akhirnya mencapai finish. Dengan kata
lain, suatu kurikulum dianggap sebagai jembatan yang sangat penting untuk
mencapai titik akhir dari suatu pelajaran yang ditandai oleh perolehan suatu
ijazah tertentu.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Nana
Syaodih Sukmadinata mengemukakan pengertian kurikulum ditinjau dari tiga
dimensi, yaitu sebagai ilmu, sebagai sistem, dan sebagai rencana. Kurikulum
sebagai ilmu mengkaji konsep, asumsi, teori – teori dan prinsip- prinsip dasar
tentang kurikulum. Kurikulum sebagai sistem menjelaskan kedudukan kurikulum
dalam hubungannya dengan sistem –sistem lain, komponen – komponen kurikulum,
kurikulum dalam berbagai jalur, jenjang, jenis pendidikan, manajemen kurikulum
dan sebagainya. Kurikulum sebagai rencana diungkap beragam rencana dan
rancangan atau desain kurikulum. Rencana bersifat menyeluruh untuk semua jalur,
jenjang dan jenis pendidikan atau khusus untuk jalur, jenjang, dan jenis
pendidikan tertentu. demikian pula dengan rancangan atau desain, terdapat
desain berdasarkan konsep, tujuan, isi, proses, masalah, dan kebutuhan siswa</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">J.
Galen Taylor dan William M. Alexander dalam buku curriculum planning for better
teaching and learning (1956). Menjelaskan arti kurikulum sebagai berikut
“segala usaha untuk mempengaruhi anak belajar, apakah dalam ruang kelas, di
halaman sekolah atau diluar sekolah termasuk kurikulum.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Seperti
halnya dengan definisi saylor dan Alexander, kurikulum tidak terbatas pada mata
pelajaran akan tetapi juga meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan lain, di dalam dan diluar
kelas, yang berada dibawah tanggung jawab sekolah.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Di
Indonesia istilah “kurikulum” boleh dikatakan baru menjadi popular sejak tahun
lima puluhan yang dipopulerkan oleh mereka yang memperoleh pendidikan di
America serikat. Sebelumnya yang lazim digunakan ialah “rencana pelajaran” pada
hakikatnya kurikulum sama artinya dengan rencana pelajaran.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam
teori praktik, pengertian kurikulum yang lama sudah banyak ditinggalkan. Para
ahli-ahli pendidikan kebanyakan memberi arti atau istilah yang lebih luas. Perubahan
ini terjadi karena ketidakpuasan dengan hasil pendidikan di sekolah dan ingin
selalu memperbaiki.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Selain
itu, yang mempengaruhi perubahan dari makna atau arti kurikulum adalah
perkembangan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan yang dapat mengubah perkembangan
dan kebutuhan masyarakat.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk
mengetahui perjalanan atau sejarah kurikulum yang ada di Indonesia adalah
sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tabel
1.1</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sejarah
Kurikulum di Indonesia </span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 12.5pt; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 539px;">
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  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tahun</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keterangan</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1947</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rencana
  Pelajaran 1947</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini merupakan kurikulum pertama di Indonesia
  setelah kemerdekaan.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Istilah kurikulum masih belum digunakan. Sementara
  istilah yang digunakan adalah Rencana Pelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1954</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rencana
  Pelajaran 1954</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini masih sama dengan kurikulum sebelumnya,
  yaitu Rencana Pelajaran 1947</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1968</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
  1968</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini merupakan kurikulum terintegrasi pertama
  di Indonesia. Beberapa masa pelajaran, seperti Sejarah, Ilmu Bumi, dan
  beberapa cabang ilmu sosial mengalami fusi menjadi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
  (Social Studies). Beberapa mata pelajaran, seperti Ilmu Hayat, Ilmu Alam, dan
  sebagainya mengalami fusi menjadi Ilmu Pengetahun Alam (IPS) atau yang
  sekarang sering disebut Sains.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1975</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
  1975</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini disusun dengan kolom-kolom yang sangat
  rinci.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1984</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
  1984</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini merupakan penyempurnaan dari kurikulum
  1975</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1994</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
  1994</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini merupakan penyempurnaan dari kurikulum
  1984</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2004</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
  Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK)</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum ini belum diterapkan di seluruh sekolah di
  Indonesia. Beberapa sekolah telah dijadikan uji coba dalam rangka proses
  pengembangan kurikulum ini</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2008</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="NO-BOK" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
  Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP)</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="NO-BOK" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">KBK sering disebut sebagai jiwa KTSP, karena KTSP
  sesungguhnya telah mengadopsi KBK. Kurikukulum ini dikembangkan oleh BSNP
  (Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan). </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KURIKULUM
SEBAGAI RENCANA PELAJARAN DAN PENGALAMAN BELAJAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum memuat isi dan materi pelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
ialah sejumlah mata ajaran yang harus ditempuh dan dipelajari oleh siswa untuk
memperoleh sejumlah pengetahuan. Mata ajaran (subject matter) dipandang sebagai
pengalaman orang tua atau orang-orang pandai masa lampau, yang telah disusun
secara sistematis dan logis. Misalnya, berkat pengalaman dan penemuan-penemuan
masa lampau, maka diadakan pemilihan dan selanjutnya disusun secara sistematis,
artinya menurut aturan tertentu; dan logis; artinya dapat diterima oleh akal
dan pikiran. Mata ajaran mengisi materi pelajaran yang disampaikan kepada
siswa, sehingga memperoleh sejumlah ilmu pengetahuan yang berguna baginya.
Semakin banyak pengalaman dan penemuan-penemuan, maka semakin banyak pula mata
ajaran yang harus disusun dalam kurikulum dan harus dipelajari oleh siswa di
sekolah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum sebagai rencana pembelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
adalah suatu program pendidikan yang disediakan untuk membelajarkan siswa.
Dengan program itu para siswa melakukan berbagai kegiatan belajar, sehingga
terjadi perubahan dan perkembangan tingkah laku siswa, sesuai dengan tujuan
pendidikan dan pembelajaran. Dengan kata lain sekolah menyediakan lingkungan
bagi siswa yang memberikan kesempatan belajar. itu sebabnya, suatu kurikulum
harus disusun sedemikian rupa agar maksud tersebut dapat tercapai. Kurikulum
tidak terbatas pada sejumlah mata pelajaran saja, melainkan meliputi segala
sesuatu yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan siswa, seperti: bangunan sekolah,
alat pelajaran, perlengkapan, perpustakaan, gambar-gambar, halaman sekolah dan
lain-lain; yang pada gilirannya menyediakan kemungkinan belajar secara efektif.
Semua kesempatan dan kegiatan yang akan dan perlu dilakukan oleh siswa
direncanakan dalam suatu kurikulum. Hal ini berarti, semua hal dan semua orang
yang terlibat dalam memberikan bantuan kepada siswa termasuk kedalam kurikulum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum sebagai pengalaman belajar</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perumusan/pengertian
kurikulum lainnya yang agak berbeda dengan pengertian-pengertian sebelumnya
lebih menekankan bahwa kurikulum merupakan serangkaian pengalaman belajar.
kegiatan-kegiatan kurikulum tidak terbatas dalam ruang kelas saja, melainkan
mencakup juga kegiatan-kegiatan diluar kelas. Tak ada pemisahan yang tegas
antara intra dan ekstra kurikulum. Semua kegiatan yang memberikan pengalaman
belajar/pendidikan bagi siswa pada hakikatnya adalah kurikulum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KURIKULUM
MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2003</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jenjang
Pendidikan Dasar terdiri atas pendidikan Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
(SD/MI) dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama/Madrasah Tsanawiyah (SMP/MTs) atau program
Paket A dan Paket B. Setiap lembaga pendidikan ini memiliki tujuan yang
berbeda. SD/MI memiliki tujuan yang tidak sama dengan SMP/MTs baik dalam
pengertian ruang lingkup kualitas mau pun dalam pengertian jenjang kualitas.
Oleh karena itu maka kurikulum untuk SD/MI berbeda dari kurikulum untuk SMP/MTs
baik dalam pengertian dimensi kualitas mau pun dalam pengertian jenjang
kualitas yang harus dikembangkan pada diri peserta didik.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Undang-Undang
nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional pasal 36 ayat (3)
menyatakan bahwa <i>kurikulum disusun sesuai dengan jenjang dan jenis
pendidikan dalam kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dengan
memperhatikan: </i></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan iman dan takwa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan akhlak mulia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan potensi, kecerdasan, dan minat
     peserta didik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keragaman potensi daerah
     dan lingkungan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tuntutan pembangunan
     daerah dan nasional</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tuntutan dunia kerja</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan
     seni</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Agama</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dinamika perkembangan global</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persatuan nasional dan
     nilai-nilai kebangsaan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pasal ini jelas
menunjukkan berbagai aspek pengembangan kepribadian peserta didik yang
menyeluruh dan pengembangan pembangunan masyarakat dan bangsa, ilmu, kehidupan
agama, ekonomi, budaya, seni, teknologi dan tantangan kehidupan global. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya,
kurikulum haruslah memperhatikan permasalahan ini dengan serius dan menjawab
permasalahan ini dengan menyesuaikan diri pada kualitas manusia yang diharapkan
dihasilkan pada setiap jenjang pendidikan (pasal 36 ayat (2).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Secara formal, tuntutan masyarakat terhadap
pendidikan juga diterjemahkan dalam bentuk rencana pembangunan pemerintah.
Rencana besar pemerintah untuk kehidupan bangsa di masa depan seperti
transformasi dari masyarakat agraris ke masyarakat industri, reformasi dari
system pemerintahan sentralistis ke system pemerintahan disentralisasi,
pengembangan berbagai kualitas bangsa seperti sikap dan tindakan demokratis,
produktif, toleran, cinta damai, semangat kebangsaan tinggi, memiliki daya
saing, memiliki kebiasaan membaca, sikap senang dan kemampuan mengembangkan
ilmu, teknologi dan seni, hidup sehat dan fisik sehat, dan sebagainya. Tuntutan
formal seperti ini harus dapat diterjemahkan menjadi tujuan setiap jenjang
pendidikan, lembaga pendidikan, dan pada gilirannya menjadi tujuan kurikulum.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sayangnya, kurikulum yang dikembangkan di
Indonesia masih membatasi dirinya pada posisi sentral dalam kehidupan akademik
yang dipersepsikan dalam pemikiran perenialisme dan esensialisme. Konsekuensi
logis dari posisi ini adalah kurikulum membatasi dirinya dan hanya menjawab
tantangan dalam kepentingan pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi. Struktur kurikulum
2004 yang memberikan sks lebih besar pada mata pelajaran matematika, sains
(untuk lebih mendekatkan diri pada istilah yang dibenarkan oleh pandangan
esensialis), dan teknologi dengan mengorbankan Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu
Sosial, PPKN/kewarganegaraan, bahasa Indonesia dan daerah, serta bidang-bidang
yang dianggap kurang “penting”. Alokasi waktu ini adalah “construct” para pengembang
kurikulum dan jawaban kurikulum terhadap permasalahan yang ada.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KURIKULUM
PAI</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengertian kurikulum PAI</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
PAI pada hakikatnya adalah merupakan cita-cita, rencana ideal untuk mencapai
tujan pendidikan. Sebagai rencana, cita-cita ideal pada hakikatnya bisa
terlaksana bisa tidak, atau akan terlaksana seluruhnya, sebagian besar atau
sebaliknya hanya sebagian kecil saja.<br />
Siapa yang melaksanakan kurikulum PAI ini, tentunya adalah guru PAI.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebab
guru PAI adalah orang yang bertanggung jawab dan langsung pelaksana kurikulum.
Dengan kurikulum guru dapat merumuskan pembinaan kurikulum, jadwal pelaksanaan
kurikulum dan sebagainya. Guru juga dapat merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran yang
hendak dicapai pada setiap mengajarkan pokok bahasan. Tanpa adanya kurikulum
guru tidak akan dapat mengajar dengan baik, sebab tidak ada pedoman untuk
menetapkan tujuan, isi/bahan pelajaran, metode sampai kepada evaluasi.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fungsi dan peranan
kurikulum PAI dalam proses pendidikan mencakup beberapa fungsi diantaranya
adalah sebagai berikut:</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fungsi
kurikulum dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pendidikan Nasional</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
pada suatu sekolah merupakan suatu alat atau usaha dalam mencapai tujuan-tujuan
pendidikan yang diinginkan. Sehingga salah satu langkah yang perlu dilakukan
adalah meninjau kembali tujuan yang dianggap selama ini digunakan oleh sekolah
yang bersangkutan. Maksudnya adalah bila tujuan-tujuan yang diinginkan belum
tercapai, maka sekolah tersebut cenderung untuk meninjau kembali kurikulumnya.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fungsi
kurikulum bagi siswa </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
sebagai organisasi belajar tersusun disiapkan untuk siswa sebagai salah satu
konsumsi pendidikan mereka. Dengan demikian diharapkan mereka akan mendapat
sejumlah pengalaman baru yang kelak kemudian hari dapat dikembangkan
seiramadengan perkembangan siswa, guna melengkapi bekal hidupnya.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fungsi
kurikulum bagi guru</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ada
beberapa fungsi kurikulum bagi guru, diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai
pedoman kerja dalam menyusun atau mengorganisasikan pengalaman belajar siswa</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai
pedoman untuk mengadakan evaluasi terhadap perkembangan anak didik dalam rangka
menyerap sejumlah pengalaman yang dibutuhkan.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fungsi
kurikulum bagi kepala sekolah dan pembina sekolah<br />
Anatara lain:</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai
pedoman dalam mengadakan fungsi supervisi yaitu memperbaiki situasi belajar</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai
pedoman dalam melaksanakan fungsi supervisi dalam menciptakan situasi untuk
menun jang situasi belajar anak ke arah yang lebih baik</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai
pedoman dalam melaksanakan fungsi supervisi dalam memberikan bantuan kepada
guru untuk mempernaiki situasi mengajar</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dapat
dijadikan pedoman untuk mengembangkan kurikulum lebih lanjut</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai
pedoman untuk mengadakan evaluasi kemajuan belajar mengajar.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fungsi
kurikulum bagi orang tua siswa</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kurikulum
bagi orang tua siswa mempunyai fungsi agar orang tua siswa dapat berpartisipasi
membantu usaha sekolah dalam memajukan putra putrinya. Bantuan dapat berupa
konsultasi langsung dengan sekolah atau guru mengenai masalah-masalah yang
menyangkut anak-anak mereka. Bantuan yang berupa materi dapat melalui lembaga
komite sekolah atau dewan pendidikan atau BP3.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>

<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan
pembahasan makalah diatas, maka dapat kami simpulkan bahwa </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kurikulum
ialah jangka waktu pendidikan yang harus ditempuh oleh siswa yang bertujuan
untuk memperoleh ijazah. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam
hal ini, ijazah merupakan satu bukti bahwa siswa telah menempuh kurikulum yang
berupa rencana pelajaran, sebagaimana halnya seorang pelari telah menempuh
suatu jarak antara satu tempat ke tempat lainnya dan akhirnya mencapai finish.
Dengan kata lain, suatu kurikulum dianggap sebagai jembatan yang sangat penting
untuk mencapai titik akhir dari suatu pelajaran yang ditandai oleh perolehan suatu
ijazah tertentu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>

BAB I BERBAGAI PANDANGAN TENTANG KURIKULUM DAN SEJARAH PERKEMBANGANNYA

BAB I PENDAHULUAN Pembahasan mengenai kurikulum tidak mungkin dilepaskan dari pengertian kurikulum, posisi kurikulum dalam...