MUHAMMAD IBNU SOIM: Perbandingan Mazhab

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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fiqh sangat luas pembahasaanya baik
dalam menentukan hukum maupun dalam peraktek kesehariannya. Di dalam menentukan
hukum banyak terjadi perbedaan-perbedaan pendapat para fuqaha, perbedaan
tersebut menimbulkan perbandingan hasil ijtihad mereka. Perbandingan hasil
ijtihad para fuqaha tersebut dikenal dengan nama Perbandingan Mazhab.
Perbandingan Mazhab merupakan pendapat-pendapat para mujtahid dalam menentukan
berbagai masalah.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbandingan Mazhab memuat hal-hal
yang bertalian tentang kedudukan ijtihad dalam Islam, yang didalamnya juga
terdapat kajian-kajian tentang sebab-sebab timbulnya perbedaan pendapat tentang
hukum Islam dan hikmah serta implikasinya dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGANTAR ILMU
PERBANDINGAN MAZHAB</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN,
RUANG LINGKUP DAN TUJUAN SERTA MANFAAT MEMPELAJARI PERBANDINGAN MAZHAB</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Mazhab</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
bahasa mazhab (</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">مذﻫب</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>) berasal dari <i>shighah
mashdar mimy </i>(kata sifat) dan isim makan (kata yang menunjukkan tempat)
yang diambil dari <i>fi’il madhi </i>“<i>dzahaba</i>” (</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ﺬﻫﺐ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>) yang berarti
“pergi”. Dan bisa juga berarti <i>al-ra’yu</i> (</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ﺍﻠﺮﺃﻯ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>) artinya
“pendapat”.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref1"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;"></span> Mazhab juga berarti “pendirian”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan
mazhab menurut istilah para faqih mazhab mempunyai dua pengertian yaitu:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendapat salah seorang imam mujtahid
tentang hukum suatu masalah.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaidah-kaidah istinbath yang
diriumuskan oleh seorang imam.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari
kedua pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan, bahwa pengertian mazhab adalah:
hasil ijtihad seorang imam mujtahid tentang hukum suatu masalah atau tentang
kaidah-kaidah <i>istinbath</i>. Dengan demikian, pengertian bermazhab adalah
“mengikuti hasil ijtihad seorang imam tentang hukum suatu masalah atau tentang
kaidah-kaidah istinbathnya”.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selanjutnya
imam mazhab dan mazhab itu berkembang pengertiannya menjadi kelompok umat islam
yang mengikuti cara <i>istinbath </i>imam mujtahid tertentu atau mengikuti
pendapat imam mujtahid tentang masalah hukum islam. Pada masa tabi’-tabi’in
yang dimulai pada awal abad ke II H. kedudukan ijtihad sebagai <i>istinbath</i>
hukum semakin bertambah kokoh dan meluas, sesudah masa itulah muncul
mazhab-mazhab dalam bidang hukum islam, baik dari golongan Ahl al-Hadits,
maupun dari golongan Ahl-al Ra’yu.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dikalangan
jumhur pada masa ini muncul tiga belas mazhab, yang berarti pula telah lahir
tiga belas mujtahid. Akan tetapi dari jumlah itu ada Sembilan imam mazhab yang
paling popular dan melembaga dikalangan jumhur umat islam dan pengikutnya. Mereka
yang dikenal sebagai peletak ushul dan <i>manhaj</i> (metode) fiqh adalah:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Abu Sa’id al-Hasan bin Yasir
al-Bashry (wafat 110 H.).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Abu Hanifah al-Nu’man bin Tsabr
bin Zauthy (wafat 150 H.).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Auza’iy Abu Amr Abd. Rahman bin
‘Amr bin Muhammad, (wafat 157 H).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Sufyan bin Sa’id Masruq
al-Tsaury (wafat 160 H.).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam al-Laits bin Sa’ad (wafat 175
H.).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Malik bin Anas al-Ashbahy
(wafat 179 H.).\</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Muhammad bin Idris al-Safi’i
(wafat 204 H.).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam Ahmad bin Hambal (wafat 241
H.).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain
itu, masih banyak lagi mazhab lainnya yang dibina oleh imam-imam mazhab. Munculnya
mazhab-mazhab menunjukkan betapa majunya perkembangan hukum islam pada waktu
itu. Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh tiga faktor yang sangat menentukan bagi
perkembangan hukum islam sesudah wafatnya rasulullah SAW. Yaitu:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semakin luasnya daerah kekuasaan
islam, mencakup wilayah-wilayah di semenanjung arab, irak, mesir, syam, parsi
dan lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pergaulan kaum muslimin dengan
bangsa yang ditaklukkannya. Mereka terpengaruh oleh budaya, adat istiadat serta
tradisi bangsa tersebut.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akibat jauhnya Negara-negara yang
ditaklukkan itu dengan ibu kota khilafah (pemerintahan) islam, membuat para
gubernur, para hakim dan para ulama harus melakukan ijtihad guna memberikan
jawaban terhadap problem dan masalah-masalah baru yang dihadapi.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403" name="_ftnref3"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"></span> </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari
sekian banyak mazhab yang popular hingga saat ini, dan yang bertahan dan terus
berkembang sampai sekarang, dan banyak diikuti oleh umat islam di Indonesia ada
empat mazhab dikalangan <i>ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama’ah</i> atau biasa disebut
dengan mazhab <i>sunni</i>. Jadilah namanya:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mazhab Hanafi yang di nisbatkan
kepada nama mujtahid Abu Hanifah al-Nu’man bin Tsabit (w. 150 H/767 M).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mazhab Maliki yang dinisbatkan
kepada nama Malik bin Anas (w. 179 H/795 M).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mazhab Al-Syafi’i yang dinisbatkan
kepada nama Muhammad bin Idris Al-Syafi’I (w.204 H/819 M).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mazhab Hanbali yang dinisbatkan
kepada nama Abu Abdillah Ahmad bin Hanbal (w. 241 H/855 M). <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ruang
Lingkup</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
dasarnya ruang lingkup atau bidang kajian perbandingan mazhab ialah seluruh
masalah fiqh yang didalamnya terdapat dua pendapat atau lebih maka masalah fiqh
yang telah menjadi “ijma” atau hanya satu pendapat, tidak termasuk kajian
perbandingan mazhab. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan
demikian, dapat dipahami bahwa ruang lingkup perbandingan mazhab begitu luas
(mulai materi fiqh, pendapat ulama, dalil, metode dan sumber yang digunakan)
semuanya diperbandingkan. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
Dan Manfaat Mempelajari Perbandiangan Mazhab</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun
tujuan dan manfaat mempelajari perbandingan mazhab anatara lain sebagai
berikut:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk mengetahui pendapat-pendapat
para imam mazhab (para imam mujtahid) dalam berbagai masalah yang
diperselisihkan hukumnya disertai dalil-dalil atau alasan-alasan yang dijadikan
dasar bagi setiap pendapat dan cara-cara istinbath hukum dari dalilnya oleh
mereka. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk mengetahui dasar-dasar dan
qaidah-qaidah yang digunakan oleh imam mazhab dalam menginstinbatkan hukum dari
dalil-dalilnya. Dimana setiap imam mujtahid tersebut tidak menyimpang dan tidak
keluar dari dalil-dalil al-Qur’an atau sunnah. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan memperhatikan landasan
berfikir para Imam Mazhab, orang yang melakukan studi Perbandingan Mazhab agar
mengetahui bahwa dasar-dasar mereka pada hakikatnya tidak keluar dari al-Qur’an
dan sunnah. Atau mereka mengambil <i>Qiyas Mashlahah Mursalah </i>atau <i>Istishab.</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN
IJTIHAD</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ijtihad adalah sebuah usaha yang sungguh-sungguh, yang sebenarnya
bisa dilaksanakan oleh siapa saja yang sudah berusaha mencari ilmu untuk
memutuskan suatu perkara yang tidak dibahas dalam Al Quran maupun hadis dengan
syarat menggunakan akal sehat dan pertimbangan matang. Namun pada perkembangan
selanjutnya, diputuskan bahwa ijtihad sebaiknya hanya dilakukan para ahli agama
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Islam</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan ijtihad adalah untuk memenuhi keperluan umat manusia akan
pegangan hidup dalam </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadat" title="Ibadat"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">beribadah
kepada Allah</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di suatu tempat
tertentu atau pada suatu waktu tertentu. Meski Al Quran sudah diturunkan secara
sempurna dan lengkap, tidak berarti semua hal dalam kehidupan manusia diatur
secara detil oleh Al Quran maupun Al Hadist. Selain itu ada perbedaan keadaan
pada saat turunnya Al Quran dengan kehidupan modern. Sehingga setiap saat
masalah baru akan terus berkembang dan diperlukan aturan-aturan baru dalam
melaksanakan Ajaran Islam dalam kehidupan beragama sehari-hari. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika terjadi persoalan baru bagi kalangan umat Islam di suatu
tempat tertentu atau di suatu masa waktu tertentu maka persoalan tersebut
dikaji apakah perkara yang dipersoalkan itu sudah ada dan jelas ketentuannya
dalam Al Quran atau Al Hadist. Sekiranya sudah ada maka persoalan tersebut
harus mengikuti ketentuan yang ada sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Al Quran atau
Al Hadits itu. Namun jika persoalan tersebut merupakan perkara yang tidak jelas
atau tidak ada ketentuannya dalam Al Quran dan Al Hadist, pada saat itulah maka
umat Islam memerlukan ketetapan Ijtihad. Tapi yang berhak membuat Ijtihad
adalah mereka yang mengerti dan paham Al Quran dan Al Hadist.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seseorang yang ingin
mendudukkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dirinya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sebagai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>Mujtahid harus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>memenuhi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>beberapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>persyaratan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Diantara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sekian persyaratan itu yang terpenting ialah:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki
ilmu pengetahuan yang luas tentang ayat-ayat al-Qur'an yang berhubungan dengan
masalah hukum, dengan pengertian ia mampu membahas ayat-ayat tersebut untuk
menggali hukum.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berilmu
pengetahuan yang luas tentang hadits-hadits Rasul yang berhubungan dengan
masalah hukum, dengan arti ia sanggup untuk membahas hadits-hadits tersebut
untuk menggali hukum.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menguasai
seluruh masalah yang hukumnya telah ditunjukkan oleh ijma' agar ia tidak
berijtihad yang hasilnya bertentangan dengan ijma'.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengetahui
secara mendalam tentang masalah qiyas dan dapat mempergunakannya untuk menggali
hukum.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menguasai
bahasa Arab secara mendalam. Sebab al-Qur'an dan Sunnah sebagai sumber asasi
hukum Islam tersusun dalam bahasa Arab yang sangat tinggi gaya bahasanya dan
cukup unik dan ini merupakan kemu'jizatan al-Qur'an.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN
MUFTI DAN SYARAT-SYARATNYA</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Fatwa/Mufti</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
<i>etimologi</i> kata fatwa berasal dari bahasa Arab al-Fatwa, menurut Ibnu
Manshur kata fatwa ini merupakan bentuk mashdar dari kata fata, yaftu, fatwan,
yang bermakna muda, baru, penjelasan, penerangan. Pendapat ini hampir sama
dengan pendapat al-Fayumi yang mengartikan sebagai pemuda yang kuat. Sehingga
orang yang mengeluarkan fatwa dikatakan sebagai mufti, karena orang tersebut
diyakini mempunyai kekuatan dalam memberikan penjelasan dan jawaban terhadap
permasalahan yang dihadapinya sebagai mana kekuatan yang dimiliki oleh seorang
pemuda.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan
secara <i>terminologi</i>, sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Zamakhsyri (w. 538 H)
fatwa adalah penjelasan hukum syara’ tentang suatu masalah atas pernyataan
seseorang atau sekelompok. Menurut as-Syatibi, fatwa dalam arti al-Ifta berarti
keterangan-keterangan tentang hukum syara’ yang tidak mengikat untuk diikuti.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat
beberapa istilah yang berkaitan dengan proses pemberian fatwa, yakni:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-ifta atau al-Futya, artinya kegiatan menerangkan hukum
syara’ sebagai jawaban atas pertanyaan yang diajukan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mustafti,artinya individu atau kelompok yang mengajukan
pertanyaan atau meminta fatwa</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mufti, orang yang memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan
tersebut atau orang yang memberikan fatwa.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mustafti fih, masalah, peristiwa, kejadian, kasus, perkara
yang ditanyakan status hukumnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fatwa, jawaban hukum atas masalah, peristiwa, kasus atau
perkara yang ditanyakan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syarat-Syarat
Mufti</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun orang yang pantas dimintai
fatwa tidaklah sembarang orang. Jalaluddin al-Mahalli menyebutkan bahwa di
antara syarat seorang mufti adalah: “menguasai pendapat-pendapat dan
kaidah-kaidah dalam ushul fiqh dan fiqh, mempunya kelengkapan untuk melakukan
ijtihad, menetahui ilmu-ilmu yang dibutuhkan untuk memformulasikan suatu hukum
, misalnya ilmu Nahwu, ilmu bahasa, ilmu Mushthalah al-Hadits, tafsir ayat-ayat
dan hadits-hadits hukum”.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As-Syaukani menyebutkan tiga syarat
yaitu, mampu berijtihad, adil dan terhindar dari kesan memperlonggar dan
mempermudah hukum. Imam An-Nawawi menyebutkan bahwa seorang mufti haruslah
nyata-nyata seorang wara’, tsiqah, terpercaya, terhindar dari fasiq, tajam
pikiran, sehat rohani dan sedapatnya sehat jasmani. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengenai apakah seorang mujtahid
atau mufti harus dapat menjawab semua pertanyaan, Imam Ghazali menyatakan bahwa
ijtihad bukan pekerjaan yang tidak terbagi-bagi. Menurutnya seorang alim dapat
dikatakan melakukan ijtihad meskipun ia melakkan ijtihad dalam beberapa
ketentuan hukum saja.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HUKUM
BERMAZHAB</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melakukan study Perbandingan Mazhab
untuk mendapatkan dalil yang terkuat dan mengamalkan hasilnya adalah wajib.
Meskipun sebagian ulama berpendapat, bahwa mengamalkan hasil <i>Muqaranah </i>akan
mengakibatkan perpindahan mazhab dan tidak dibenarkan. Pendapat mereka dianggap
lemah, karena tidak berdasarkan dalil yang kuat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hukum yang didapati dari hasil
perbandingan itu adalah merupakan hasil penelitian yang terkuat dalilnya. Oleh
sebab itu, wajib mengamalkannya. Dengan sikap seperti ini, kita akan merasakan
tujuan dan hikmah atau manfaat melakukan Perbandingan Mazhab atau melakukan
Study Perbandingan Mazhab tersebut. Orang yang enggan mengamalkan hukum dengan
hasil <i>Muqaranah</i> (perbandingan), bagaikan orang yang enggan memakan buah
yang lebih bergizi, karena belum terbiasa. Padahal ia membutuhkannya.</span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>

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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mazhab ialah pokok pikiran atau
dasar yang digunakan oleh Imam Mujtahid dalam memecahkan masalah, atau
mengistinbatkan hukum Islam. Kemudian Imam Mazhab dan Mazhab itu berkembang
pengertiannya menjadi kelompok umat Islam yang mengikuti cara istinbath hukum
semakin kokoh dan meluas, sesudah masa itu muncul mazhab-mazhab dalam bidang
hukum Islam , baik dari golongan ahli hadits maupun ahli ra’yi. Perbandingan
mazhab adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang membahas pendapat-pendapat fuqaha’ beserta
dalil-dalinya mengenai berbagi masalah, baik yang disepakati, maupun yang
diperselisihkan dengan membandingkan dalil masing-masing yaitu dengan cara
mendiskusikan dalil-dalil yang dikemukakan oleh mujtahidin untuk menemukan
pendapat yang paling kuat dalilnya. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ruang lingkup pembahasan
perbandingan mazhab ialah hukum-hukum amaliyah, baik yang disepakati, maupun
yang masih diperselisihkan antara para Mujtahid, dengan membahas cara
berijtihad mereka dan sumber-sumber hukum yang dijadikan dasar oleh mereka
dalam menetapkan hukum, dalil-dalil yang dijadikan dasar oleh para mujtahid,
baik dari al-Qur’an maupun sunnah, atau dalil-dalil lain yang diakui oleh
syara’ dan hukum-hukum yang berlaku dinegara tempat muqarin hidup.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>

<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Huzaemah
Tahido Yanggo, <i>Pengantar Perbandingan Mazhab</i>, (Jakarta: Logos Wacana
Ilmu, 1997), hlm. 71.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">

<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M.
Ali Hasan, <i>Perbandingan Mazhab</i>, (Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada,
1996), cet. Ke-2 hlm. 86.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">

<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.
Qodri Azizy, Ph. D, <i>Reformasi Bermazhab</i>, (Jakarta: Teraju,  2003),
hlm. 19.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">

<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Tim Penyusun, <em>Hasil Muktamar
ke-28 Nahdlatul Ulama Mengenai Masalah-Masalah Masyarakat, Bangsa, dan Negara,
1989, (Jakarta: Muktamar NU, 1989), hal. 109.</em></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">

<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wahbah
Zuhaily, <i>Ushul Fiqh</i>, (Jakarta: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mansyurat
Kuliah Da’wah Islamiyah, 1990) hal. 98.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">

<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3762076589651408403#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Haroen </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nasrun, <i>Ushul Fiqh 1</i>, (Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 2001),
cet. Ke- 3, hal. 203.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">

BAB I PENGANTAR ILMU PERBANDINGAN MAZHAB

BAB I PENDAHULUAN Fiqh sangat luas pembahasaanya baik dalam menentukan hukum maupun dalam peraktek kesehariannya. Di dalam me...